M3H624678: Transmission and Distribution - BEng in Electrical Power Engineering - Engineering Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

Aim
To enhance the students’ attainment of knowledge and skills in the area of Transmission and Distribution System

Learning Outcomes
On successful completion of this course work students will be able to :
o Determine the Transmission Line Constants for single phase and three phase transmission lines.(AM1).
o Analyze the mechanical characteristics of overhead lines. (AM1).
o Design and evaluate line Insulator strings (AM1, AM7).
o Describe the operating characteristics of distribution components. (AM1)
o Select an appropriate cable for a given application in compliance with National Wiring Regulations for LV installations (AM8, AM9).

Tasks
Students are expected to answer all the following questions. Each student has to work out the problems using the data (if required) individually by referring books, industrial, handouts and internet based any open access journals etc.

ANSWERS ALL QUESTION

1.a) The resistance of transmission line conductors found less to reduce power loss in a transmission line. The resistance R of a line conductor having resistivity ρ, length “l” and area of cross section a.
i) Calculate the value of R for cross section (a)= 1cm2 and length of 1km by having resistivity ρ=1.68*10-8 ohm-m
ii) Assess the variation of resistance of metallic conductors with Oman temperature is practically linear over the normal range of operation. Suppose R 1 and R 2 are the resistances of a conductor at t1º C and t2 ºC (t2 > t1) respectively. If α1 is the temperature coefficient at t1° C.
R2=R1[1+alpha 1(t2-t1)]

b) Figure Q1(b) shows the schematic of a skin effect in a copper conductor used to transmit the power. Discuss the its effects when DC and AC supply conditions.

c) In a power system having three conductors A, B and C of a 3-phase line carrying currents IA, IB and IC respectively. Let d1, d2 and d3 be the spacings between the conductors and discuss the following terms using sketches:
i) Unsymmetrical Spacing
ii) Symmetrical Spacing

2.a) A single-phase transmission line has two parallel conductors 4 m apart, the radius of each conductor being 1 cm. Calculate the loop inductance per m length of the line if the material of the conductor is (i) copper (ii) aluminum with relative permeability of 2.

b) A 220kV power supply using Double Circuit Transmission Line enables the transfer of more power over a particular distance. However, running two circuits in close proximity to each other will involve inductive coupling between the conductors

i) Sketch and show the difference between GMR and GMD using an equivalent double circuit line module.
ii) If the spacings of a double circuit 3-phase overhead line. The phase sequence is ABC and the given line is completely transposed and having conductor radius of 1 cm. Calculate the inductance phase per kilometer.

c) Critically analyze the significance of proximity effect in transmission line shown in Figure Q2(b).

3.a)i) Calculate V1 and V2 for the voltage across the string insulator having phase voltage of 33kV for transmission line using details tabulated in the Table 3(a).

ii) With the help of a suitable schematic diagram and necessary theoretical explanation, illustrate how to improve the efficiency of the suspension insulator.

b) EACH QUESTION CARRY ONE MARKS
i. Active power loss in an over-head line is due to……………
ii. If the length of the transmission line increases then its inductances………
iii. If the capacitance of each conductor in a three-phase line is 4 micro farad, the capacitance between two conductors is………… micro farad
iv. Skin effect for solid conductor is ……. than bundled conductor.
v. …… value is the voltage at point on the transmission line.
vi. Clearance distance for a three phase transmission line between…….. and……. need to more than between…… and ……...
vii. ………….. frequency of supply voltage is preferred to minimize the skin effect in Oman.
viii. RCC poles……. R…………………..C……………..C……………. used to support transmission tower
ix. Calculate charring current per phase for 66kV overheard line in cable using line to neutral capacitance of 0.9 nano Farad capacitance.
x. What do you understand by electrical potential at a point on the transmission line conductor…………………………..(one line answer)

4.a) The assume two unequal tower heights support a transmission line conductor at water crossing. The horizontal distance between the towers is 500 m. If the tension in the conductor is 1600 kg, find and show the minimum clearance of the conductor and wadi (small river) and clearance mid-way between the supports. Weight of conductor is 1·5 kg/m. Bases of the towers can be considered to be at wadi (small river) level.

b) FROM STUDY: It has been seen that intense corona effects are observed at a working voltage of 33 kV or above. Therefore, careful design should be made to avoid corona on the sub-stations or bus-bars rated for 33 kV and higher voltages.
i) Sketch and critically analyses about corona effect in 220kV line.
ii) Sketch and discuss how to minimize the corona in 132kV line.

5.a) Sketch and discuss the various types of distribution cables used for home/commercial, distribution companies and industries with ANY THREE examples.

b) Study the IET 17th regulation electrical wiring system and answer following
i) Sketch and discuss the strength and weakness of various types of earthing.
ii) Critically Analyse ten sections of the Figure 5(b) for the safety of the human being, while in operation.

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