Machine Learning and Big Data for Economics and Finance - Finance Assessment Answer

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Finance Assessment Task

Consider the two variables in the dataset Assign3.csv. We are interested in predicting the second variable Y given the rst variable X. 1. Fit a linear regression model to the data. Show the data scatter plot on the same gure with the values predicted by the linear model. 2. Fit a quadratic regression model to the data. Show the data scatter plot on the same gure with the values predicted by the quadratic model.. 3. We are interested in constructing a step function learner as follows: First draw a random number U uniformly on the interval spanned by the minimum and maximum values of the inputs (x1; :::; xn) and then use it to construct the following function whose purpose is to  ive the prediction of Y given X = x:

f(x) = 1I(U 6 x) + 2I(U > x); where
1 and 2 are just unknown constants to be learned. It goes without saying that I(some statement) is the indicator function that equals 1 when the statement is true and 0 otherwise. a. Use two dierent methods to compute the estimate f^(x) =^1I(U 6x) + ^2I(U > x). Is f^ a strong learner?
b. Use one of the previous two methods to write an R function that takes as input x and the data (x1;:::;xn; y1;:::; yn) and gives as output f^(x). Make sure the function is capable of dealing with the case where x conatains more than one number. c. Using three dierent runs of the previous function, create three different plots where, on each, f^ is shown together with the scatter plot of the data. 4. Write an R function that applies boosting to the previous step function learner. That R function should take as inputs: the data, B the number of boosting iterations,  the learning rate and an optional argument indicating the size of the test subsample in case a validation set approach is needed. As output the function should give: f^ boost the boosted learner evaluated at the training data and the training mean squared error evaluated for each iteration b=1;:::;B of the boosting algorithm. Also, in case the size of the test subsample is greater than zero, the function should output: f^boost evaluated at the test sample and the test MSE evaluated for each iteration b =1; :::; B. a. Use that function to plot f^ boost on top of the data scatter plot for=0.01 and for B =10000. Show the same with dierent

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