Master of Global Food and Agriculture Business - Management Assignment Help

Assignment Task

INTRODUCTION
Biogas is a renewable source of energy. It is basically the production of gaseous fuel known as methane. This is done through fermentation of biodegradable organic feedstock. Examples of biodegradable organic feedstock are animal waste, agricultural waste, municipal waste and industrial waste. The fermentation is usually done through an anaerobic process. An anaerobic process is one that occurs in the absence of oxygen. The same kind of fermentation that occurs in fermentation of alcohol and beer is the same idea that is used in the anaerobic reaction of biogas.
Biogas has a variety of uses for instance it can be used for cooking at home and other heating purposes. It can also be used to run small engines such as water pumps and used for lighting. In some instances, biogas can be used as transport fuel.
Biogas is an environmentally friendly form of energy. It reduces pollution of soil and water by making use of the waste products that would have otherwise been disposed in the soil or even in the water. It is also a clean renewable source of energy. In addition to that, biogas prevents health complications which might be brought by other forms of energy such as radioactive energy which is a major cause of diseases such as cancer. Biogas also solves the problem of agricultural waste therefore farmers don’t have to worry about where they will dispose of their agricultural waste as they have an option of converting it to biogas. 
Despite biogas having environmental, health and social benefits, it is faced by various challenges that often need overcoming. Biogas in India is produced both in large scale and in small scale. The small-scale farmers produce approximately 1-10m3 volume of biogas per day. This biogas is in most cases used for domestic use such as cooking and heating. Here there is usually no monetary gain for the farmer despite them investing in the production of this biogas. The large-scale producers of biogas produce approximately 5000m3 volume of the biogas per day. They mostly use industrial and municipal waste as their raw material to produce this energy. The energy generated here can be used as electricity, fuel also for heating purposes. In this case the use is usually monetary.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
1.REDUCINGGREENHOUSEEMISSION
 Greenhouse gases are those that emit infrared radiations onto the surface of the earth. Greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and some artificial chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s). The absorbed energy warms up the surface of the earth hence maintaining the temperature of the earth. However, when these emissions become too much it leads to excess warming of the earth which is commonly referred to a global warming.
How greenhouse effect occurs
Solar radiations reach the earth’s atmosphere, however, some of it is reflected into space. The remaining solar energy is absorbed by the earth or by the oceans. Afterwards, heat radiates from earth towards the space, some of this heat is trapped by greenhouse gases hence keeping the earth warm with temperatures of about 33 degrees. However human activities such as burning of fuel is increasing the amount of greenhouse gases thus leading to excess heat being trapped on the earth’s surface which leads to a rise in temperature.
India’s gas emission rate was established to have greatly increased by approximately 50% rate between the year 1994-2005. This placed India among the top five world emitters globally in terms of annual emissions.

Effects of greenhouse emissions in India
They cause climate change by trapping excess energy on the atmosphere thereby causing heat and increased temperatures.
They also contribute in causing respiratory diseases. These respiratory diseases may include asthma, chronic bronchitis, lung cancer, pneumonia and obstructive pulmonary diseases.
Greenhouse emission are also a great contributor to drought and floods. When it gets warmer, evaporation in both land and sea increases. This may result to drought as the environment may not be able to compensate for the lost vapor. In India it resulted to crop failure and in return led to famine.
In addition to that it also leads to more extreme weather incidents such as violent rainfall and severe storms. These greenhouse gases may also lead to build up heat such as the intense heatwave experienced in summer months of June and July in 2019 which claimed the lives of over two hundred Indians.
Ways of reducing greenhouse gas emissions
There are a variety of ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. India is embracing some of these ways to reduce the rate at which these emissions are being released to the atmosphere. In India it was found out that one major greenhouse gas emission was carbon dioxide. Carbon is mostly released in the atmosphere by means of travel.
Some of the ways that can be used to reduce this carbon emission to the atmosphere are, use of alternative means of transport. Where one has an alternative of walking, he or she should use this form of transport instead of driving. One can also drive a low carbon vehicle. Furthermore, one should avoid speeding and unnecessary acceleration since this contributes to emission of these greenhouse gases.
India has also tried to eliminate fossil fuel. This is because fossil fuel such as coal is the main emitter of greenhouse gases. For example, burning coal to generate electricity emits harmful gases which in turn has an impact on the health of the community.
 India has also implemented policies that fight against emission of greenhouse gases. These policies are for instance carbon pricing and tax. This is where those producing greenhouse gases such as carbon are heavily taxed. In return Indians, are now adopting biogas as a form of energy to evade these heavy taxes.
2.INCREASED RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Biogas production in India has greatly contributed in development of the rural areas. In 2012, Ankasha the co-founder of Ashutosh Kumar, discovered that rural areas of India had not opened. The lack of electricity affected not only the farmers but the whole community at large. Traders such as shopkeepers closed their shops as early as 6PM and students did not get the privilege of studying at night due to lack of lighting. When families returned at the wee hours of the night, they would often eat cold food which obviously impacted on their lives leading to both long term and short-term health problems. 
In 2015, she came up with a way of helping her community by use of biogas. Biogas would go a long way in heating and lighting up her community. She linked her rural community with a biogas plant and conducted civic education to the community on how to use the biogas for lighting and heating purposes. She therefore provided a solution to a problem that was in a large way affecting her immediate community. By doing this, she increased her society income as traders would trade more even during the night. This created job opportunities for people and thus raising their living conditions. 
In addition to that, it created a safe way for women in India to cook as they had clean fuel. Respiratory diseases that would have otherwise affected them reduced. As they say, time is money, this also went a long way in saving time that would have otherwise been used in collecting charcoal. This enabled the women in this community to engage more in other important activities such as learning and sports.
Lastly, slurry which is a byproduct of the biogas can be used as a fertilizer. This can be used by farmers in their agricultural activities.  The farm produce generated from these lands can be sold to generate income also feed the society. This Improves the living conditions of the people.
With these resources, farmers can take their children to school hence they become literate. Biogas plants also create job opportunities for the community. People who would have otherwise used illegal ways to earn a living such as stealing are given an opportunity to work in these biogas plants.
Improve quality of service provision to the poor also a means to an end
Come to think of it this way, the poor often do not receive quality service. They have poor road network to start with. This makes it nearly impossible to travel to these areas. It is also a barrier to transporting their farm produce to the urban areas as the roads terrible. They are also hindered from carrying out trading activities amongst themselves. However, with biogas plants being developed there is usually a high possibility of the government creating better roads which lead towards these plants thus opening these rural areas up.
There are also social amenities that are likely to be set up around this biogas plant. For instance, schools which serve the community and hence people of the community become literate. In addition to that hospitals are also developed in this area. This improves the health of the members of the society as the sick are usually well taken care of also children are usually vaccinated against certain diseases. This reduces the death mortality rate of the community leading to increased population.

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