Measures of Disease Frequency and Association - Epidemiology Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

Question 1 

Diabetes is one of the fastest-growing chronic diseases in Australia. The following table shows the total new cases of diabetes from January 2010 to December 2012 in Queensland and Northern Territory and the population data of the two states from the Census survey in 2011.

Table 1:  Numbers of type II diabetics and total populations by age in Queensland and Northern Territory.

1. Which measure of disease frequency (prevalence, cumulative incidence, incidence density or estimated incidence rate) is most suitable in this example? Provide two reasons to justify your answer.
2. Calculate the overall disease occurrences (using a crude measure which was nominated in the previous question) of type II diabetics for both states. Please include a population multiplier of per 10,000 in your calculations and identify which state had a higher rate of type II diabetes.
3. What were the risks (an ie measure of disease frequency) of developing type II diabetes in different age groups in the two states? How does the risk of developing diabetes vary by age in each state? (Use an appropriate measure of association to quantify the variation). Based on your results, discuss whether or not age is a risk factor of type II diabetes in both states.
4. Compare the age structures in the populations of Queensland and Northern Territory (calculate the percentage of each age group). Is the comparison of crude occurrences valid in consideration of the population structures in the two states? Why or Why not? 
5. Use Australia’s population as the standard population to compute the directly standardised occurrences (age-adjusted rates) of type II diabetes in Queensland and in Northern Territory. Compare the results of crude and standardised rates of the two states and interpret your findings.

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