Measuring Disease Frequency - Medical Science Assignment Help

Assignment Task

1. What effect would the following have on (i) the incidence, (ii) the prevalence and (iii) the duration of disease and why?
(a) The introduction of a new drug that cures a previously incurable but non-fatal disease
(b) The introduction of a new drug that prolongs survival but does not cure a fatal disease
(c) The introduction of a new vaccine that prevents people from developing a disease

2. For each of the following calculate a summary measure of disease and identify what type of measure it is:
(a) 2,000 babies were born at a hospital during one year, of these 70 had a congenital defect.
(b) In a city with an average population of 1,200,000 people there were 18 new diagnoses of HIV infection in a one year period.
(c) 100 people attended a barbeque lunch and the following day 24 experienced nausea and vomiting.
(d) 1500 people in a community answered a health survey and, of these:

i. 75 reported that they had diabetes
ii. 15 reported that they had been newly diagnosed with diabetes during the previous year

(e) In the US Nurses’ Health Study, 95,396 post-menopausal women reported their levels of physical activity in 1986 and were then followed for up to 20 years with a total of 1,203,929 person-years of follow-up. A total of 4,782 women have developed invasive breast cancer.

3. The following excerpt is from an official government report: ‘As at 30 June 2002, the number of people living with HIV in Australia was 13,120. This represents a prevalence rate of 65.6 per 100,000 population.’ Although the term prevalence rate is commonly used it is not strictly correct. Why not?

4. What is the difference between a cumulative incidence and incidence rate?

5. In January 2001, 4,500 men aged 45-54 years joined a new health insurance plan and were offered a free health check, 1000 of the men were found to be overweight or obese. Ten years later the men were checked again and 700 men who were normal weight in 2001 were now overweight or obese, while 200 of those who were overweight or obese in 2001 had lost weight and were now in the normal range.
(a) What was the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the men in (i) January 2001 and (ii) January 2011?
(b) What was the incidence of overweight/obesity in this group?
(c) What was the incidence of weight-loss among overweight/obese men?

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