Moral and Ethical Behaviour Model Pastoral Care to Soldier - Nursing Assignment Help

Assignment Task

Discuss the ways in which army chaplains bring benefits to their units in terms of moral and ethical behaviour. 
Army Chaplains have a unique responsibility to model pastoral care to soldiers who require and seek support, before and after war exposure to the unit (Australian Army Chaplaincy Journal, 2017). This role exists to provide spiritual, emotional, moral, ethical, and social encouragement (Australian Army Chaplaincy Journal, 2017). Army chaplains also offer an invaluable non-conflict and non-judgemental environment for those soldiers who are seeking psychological wellbeing programs in efforts to build their character. For example, soldiers may confide in Army Chaplains regarding moral and ethical dilemmas faced in combat and amongst their comrades. Ethical and moral dilemmas faced by soldiers may include employee substance abuse, conflicts between military and personal values, managing important workplace relationships, fairness in performance evaluations and financial accountability (Belvins, 2004).
Research has indicated that a collaborative relationship between chaplains and mental health professionals is required to maximise mental health benefits for service personnel (Seddon et al., 2011). Whilst Army Chaplains can greatly contribute to the wellbeing of soldiers and aid in decision making by taking a collaborative and informative approach, there is a major barrier for those seeking and receiving support. Unfortunately, due to the growing concerns surrounding mental health stigma, the social sanctions may deter individuals from actively taking action (Acosta et al., 2014). Mental health stigma in the military is empirically linked to interpersonal outcomes, coping mechanisms, attitudes, and intentions toward seeking treatment (Acosta et al., 2014). Therefore, it is the duty of the Army Chaplain to create a supportive and stigma-free environment to address the misconceptions of mental health support and provide the upmost benefit to military personnel.
Discuss the psychological factors around the giving and receiving of support, where the ‘giving’ was done by governments NGOs and communities to those who are homeless and the ‘receiving’ was by rough sleepers who can regain a foothold in mainstream life again: Word Count. (xxx/xxx)
Homeless individuals may be classified as being roofless, street dwelling, or as rough sleepers. Non-governmental organisations and community-based charities in Australia often work toward helping those who are “less fortunate.” Vulnerable subpopulations, such as those who are homeless, are often recipients of such charities. There are ethical and psychological factors which must be considered between relationship of the “giver” (NGOs and community charities) and the “receiver” (rough sleepers). Charitable support can also result in what is known as “episodic homelessness” (Nooe & Patterson, 2010). For example, someone who receives cash assistance may be able to pay for housing for a two-week period, yet experience housing uncertainty as soon as the funds have been exhausted. Homelessness is a dynamic phenomenon, where strategies attempting to reduce first-time homelessness have been considered more effective than one-off donations (Nooe & Patterson, 2010).
Self-categorization and definitions of homelessness have implications on whether an individual is able to receive support from charitable organisations (Walter, 2016). Firstly, an individual must self-identity as homeless to access funds and services, however, such labels may be at odds with how they see themselves. Individuals may be reluctant to classify themselves as homeless due to stigma and social consequences. Secondly, the ways in which an NGO or community charity defines homelessness can impact access to such services. When these definitions are narrow, resource allocation is limited (Cloke, Milbourne, & Widdowfield, 2001). Though the “givers” of charitable supports are often well intentioned, researchers suggest that what is needed is targeted strategies to tackle inequalities and injustices in society which lead to homeless (Parsell & Watts, 2017). Homelessness is a human rights issue, which deviates from a welfare approach, in that homeless individuals should not be objects of charity and compassion (Homelessness is a Human Rights Issue, 2008)
3. Discuss the issues of personal agency and job autonomy in the workplace and how these factors may influence safe work behaviours and work engagement. Word Count (xxx/xxx)
Job autonomy refers to notion that employees have flexibility and freedom within their workplace, which promotes job satisfaction, organisational commitment, and interest (Park & Searcy, 2011). However, if the individual’s workplace has ineffective leadership organisation, feelings of powerless and lack of control, this threatens their job autonomy, which can result in implications such as, disruptions in cognition (thinking and problem-solving) and deflated motivation. Not only does this directly affect employees, but businesses overall, such as, their lack of commitment, engagement, leadership, success, and threatening of their job security. According to Cooper & Cartwright, (2003), they have explored the influence of job autonomy within the workplace and found a positive association between perceived job satisfaction of job autonomy and psychological wellbeing. However, it was also found a negative association between decreased perceptions of job autonomy with job productivity, and work engagement. Given these results, it of importance that the onus relies of the employer to created proactive workplace environment that is conducive of higher levels of workers autonomy. Such as, increasing communication, mindfulness, goal settings, self-regulation strategies and engagement within the workplace for sustainability and growth, while exercising mutual responsibility, and developing and maintaining relationships within the workplace. Another approach that can be implemented is the Action Research Approach (ARA). The ARA is a specific and practical context in which employees learn through workplace action, which leads to personal and professional developments enhancements. For examples, Kemmis and McTaggart (2000), describe these self-reflective cycles of: planning a change, acting, and observing the process and consequences of change, reflecting on these processes and consequences, replanning, and reflecting. With the use of these additional cycles the professional leadership skills in the workplace will encourage and promote workers autonomy, safe working conditions, workplace sustainability, survival, engagement, and growth.
Discuss how risk can be managed in railways as large, complex systems to eliminate the incidences of SPAD (signals passed at danger, i.e., trains going too fast). Word Count (xxx/xxx).
A signal passed at danger (SPAD), which the train has passed a stop signal and cross into a section of unauthorised track access, creating waves throughout the organisations as this may lead to potential catastrophes (Naweed, 2013). It has been reported that 407 driver error related SPAD has occurred in 2009. The Rail Industry Safety and Standards Board (RISSB, 2014) has implemented SPAD risk management measures to ensure wide protection within the transportation system and eliminating risks to passengers and workers. These include pre-selection tests to ensure the applicant can determine their risk profile, prior experience with safety critical railways roles and procedures, ensure the physical demands placed on staff by operations team. Further selection process includes vigorous assessments, for example, personality, attention, and concentration (RISSB, 2014). Lastly, psychometric assessments are utilised to cover risk and supported via robust validation processes. Other factors must take into consideration such as the human factors of the applied train operation. These include; ensuring the driver has appropriate visibility of the site lines, ensuring the driver has appropriate breadth from functions of the control panel, and ensuring that the driver has adequate visibility of the speedometer (Queensland Rail, 2021). In addition, the driver must be proactive with sighting signals (visibility factors, hazards with line issues, double track use for bi-directional workings, and crossing loops) (RISSB, 2014). Furthermore, to ensure good practice and prevention of SPAD, workshop and conference attendance with organisations to actively engage with frontline staff. Ongoing team performance training to meet benchmark targets via communication with staff, newsletters, and DVDs. Also, positively reinforcing workers with awards for recognition of SPAD improvements who have met their safety performance goals. Human error is unavoidable; however, it can be significantly reduced with appropriate measures by ensuring that the human cognition is nurtured and not severed.
Discuss how risk can be managed by police and first responders when confronted with mental illness and violence in the community to keep themselves, the perpetrators, and the community safe from harm. Word Count (xxx/xxx).
Police training methods do not currently have sufficient training methods in negotiations with individuals who are suffering with mental illness. Currently, the interactions between police and first responders and mental health services are categorised into three categories: non-urgent, consultant, and urgent contact (Springvale Monash Legal Service Inc, 2005). Despite that this may seem dismissive in nature, it does warrant further education and training in dealing with mental health concerns and treating individuals as equal and of high priority. One of which is the to educate police enforcement with the Memphis Model which include, core training for police offers to handle mental health concerns, ensuring that the police and first responders provide immediate responses to urgent situations to those suffering from a mental health condition, the appropriate use of standard procedure and guidelines in situations that involves individuals who are in distress from a mental health concern (Springvale Monash Legal Service Inc, 2005). Additionally, police officers and first responders should be receiving 40 hours of mental health training provided by the psychologist, and or experienced counsellors (Watson, Fulambarker, 2012). Thus, the benefit of the Memphis model, will allow greater response rate, and assist individuals in uncertain times, by assisting individuals in recognize and identifying situations where mental health is concern and apply an appropriate response. In regard to violence in the community, police enforcements do have safety measures that may assist and protect them and public from harm. These are: avoid confrontation where practicable, use of appropriate risk assessment in planning and adopting safe measures, ensuring high priority is giving to those where the violence is potentially high by deploying safety net of resources, avoid force if possible, and ensuring that unplanned responses have been carefully drafted into a planned response (Springvale Monash Legal Service Inc, 2005).
 

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