MPH5041 - Introductory Biostatistics Assignment

Assignment Task

Dyslipidemia Study among Diabetic patients

Study Description A cross-sectional study was conducted on 366 diabetic patients to assess the lipid profile and to investigate possible factors contributing to the development of dyslipidemia as well as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c - a measure of sugar control for diabetic patients). The patients were recruited from a specialized diabetic hospital outpatient department. All study participants provided a blood sample and completed a lifestyle and demographic questionnaire.

The objective of the study was to find factor(s) that may relate to the risk of developing dyslipidemia in diabetic patients. Along with the demographic information and physical measurements, hematological measurements were reported in a continuous scale. For analysis purposes, most of the continuous variables were transformed into grouped data. However, original continuous variables were also kept in the data set.

Questions

1. Identify each of the 8 variables (marked bold) in the above table either as nominal, ordinal, discrete or continuous.

2. Using appropriate graphs discuss the relationship between the presence of dyslipidemia and each of the following variables: duration of diabetes group, BMI group and occupation type. Hint: Follow the steps discussed in the lecture/tutorial.

3. Present HbA1c (measured in mmol/L) and each of the variables of age group, occupation type and mode of treatment (taking insulin) in appropriate graphs (3 separate graphs), and then compare (graphically – no need to present any numbers by any means) HbA1c level between categories of each of these variables. Hint: Follow the steps discussed in lecture/tutorial.

4. Using appropriate summary statistics compare each of the following variables by dyslipidaemia status. Variables: age (in years), gender, HbA1c (measured in mmol/L), hypertension, duration of insulin and physical activity level. Hint: Follow the steps discussed in lecture/tutorial.

5. For the following questions show the detailed calculations, most marks will be allocated for correct calculations.

(a) The lifetime of a mechanical aortic valve is normally distributed with a mean life of 30 years and a standard deviation of 1.2 years. Find the chances that a randomly selected patient who had an aortic valve replacement will not be required to replace his/her (replaced) valve again in the next 32 years.

(b) At a hospital, the ages of all new employees hired during the last 5 years are normally distributed. Within this curve, 95% of the ages, centered about the mean, are between 24.6 and 37.4 years. Find the mean age and the standard deviation of the data.

(c) Given that the scores on a medical test follow a normal distribution with a mean of 460 and a standard deviation of 100. If all students in a class of 41 attend the test what is the probability that the given class will obtain a mean score of above 590?

6. Consider that the population distribution for the length of survival time after diagnosis with a lung cancer is skewed. What will be the shape of the sampling distribution for the sample mean length of survival in a random sample of 2500 lung cancer patients from this population? 

7. State the learning outcomes of Modules 1-3 and describe how this assessment is aligned with these learning outcomes (maximum of 150 words, excluded from the total word count of this assessment).

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