NUR2020 - Pathophysiology and Pharmacology in Nursing Assignment

Assignment Task

1. Alterations of the integumentary system and the body’s response to infection

Question 1

Your patient is Gerry, a 65-year-old with diabetes Type 2 who is recovering from a deep abrasion on their calf as a result of stepping on a branch while gardening. They are taking a prophylactic antibiotic Cephalexin 500mg BD which is due to be completed in 3 days. Gerry feels better and wants to stop taking the medication.

Explain to Gerry how this medication can prevent wound infection and why it is important to finish the course prescribed.

Question 2

Your patient is a 10-month-old child Poppy who has eczema in the cubital fossa of their knees and elbows; they also have infected nappy rash caused by Candida albicans. Poppy’s parents have been applying a prescribed topical eczema medication (Betamethasone dipropionate 0.05%) to the nappy rash hoping it will work the same way as it did on the eczema.

Explain how the mechanism of action of this medication has led to an infected nappy rash.

2. Alterations of the musculoskeletal system across the lifespan and the management of pain

Question 1

Today you are looking after Leslie who is 75 years old and yesterday, had surgery to repair a fractured left neck of femur (#NOF).

Explain to Leslie why it is important they start walking as soon as possible after surgery. Please include rationales to support your answer.

Question 2

Today you are discharging Leslie (from Question 1) whose fractured left neck of femur (NOF) was caused by falling in the shower at home. Leslie wants to remain living independently in her own home but is worried about falling again.

Describe what information you might give Leslie to help reduce their risk of falling again.

3. Alterations of the respiratory system across the lifespan and the management of oxygenation

Question 1

Your patient is 13-year-old Jacob who has chronic asthma. Jacob doesn’t want to use the spacer. Explain to Jacob, why it is important to use the spacer when administering the reliever medication Salbutamol.

Question 2

Your patient is 70-year-old Joyce who has Emphysema.

Explain to Joyce why they are having trouble emptying all of the air out of their lungs on expiration, and how changing their position might assist with improving their breathing.

4. Alterations of the cardiovascular system and blood disorders across the lifespan

Question 1

Your patient is 50-year-old Chao Li who has been diagnosed with Hypertension and has commenced Perindopril 5mg PO daily. While giving Chao their medications, your supervising RN asks you what this medication is and what it does. Explain to the RN how the medication will reduce Chao’s blood pressure (pharmacodynamics).

Question 2

Your patient is 45-year-old Aachal Anand who has recently been diagnosed with Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia.

Explain briefly to Aachal, how these conditions increase their risk of having coronary artery disease later in life. Suggest one way they might be able to reduce this risk.

5. Alterations of the neurological system and management of blood clotting

Question 1

Yiming Li is 76-years-old and has experienced an ischemic stroke with resultant hemiplegia, aphasia and dysphagia.

Explain to Yiming Li why they are having difficulty swallowing (pathophysiology). Also advise them who they will be referred to for assessment prior to being able to eat/drink.

Question 2

Your patient Stuart is 56 years old and has been prescribed Clopidogrel hydrogen sulphate 75mg. Explain the pharmacodynamics of this medication (you need to write more than just “thins blood”). Then choose one of the side-effects indicated for this medication, and describe what education you would provide to Stuart regarding this.

6. Alterations of the gastrointestinal system and the management of nutrition

Question 1

Gordon is 50 years old and has been diagnosed with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). Gordon is overweight and works long hours therefore dinner is usually quite late - often finishing the night with a glass of red wine. Today Gordon tells you that sleeping at night has been impossible due to experiencing severe “abdominal pain”.

What education could you provide about 1. why this is happening (pathophysiology) and 2. what intervention could you suggest to Gordon to avoid this pain.

Question 2

Jules is 21 years old, recently diagnosed with Crohn’s Disease, is being discharged in the next few hours and has been given oral Prednisolone to take home.

How do you explain to Jules how Prednisolone works in the body (pharmacodynamics) when she is experiencing a bout of acute pain. Jules asks if it is ok to take Ibuprofen with Prednisolone is it? Please provide rationale to support your answer.

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