Open Engineering Laboratory - Engineering Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

Introduction 
This end-of-module assessment (EMA) takes the place of an examination. It tests your understanding of the material presented across the whole of T271. It is worth 40% of your overall assessment score and you must achieve at least 30% in the EMA to pass the module. 
Important note: if you haven’t done so already, you should familiarise yourself with the Engineering assessment guide for advice and guidance on preparing and submitting assessments for engineering modules. 
Aims 
The main aim of this EMA is for you to reflect on and demonstrate your learning across the whole module. You will be expected to show that you can communicate what you have learned effectively, using a combination of writing, diagrams and mathematical equations. You will also be expected to demonstrate your understanding of the concepts and principles introduced across T271, and to apply these in different contexts. By doing this, you will provide evidence that you have achieved the module learning outcomes. 
There is specific advice and guidance given in each question, and you should make sure that you read and understand this information before you attempt your answer. If you are unclear about what is required, contact your tutor for further assistance. Please remember that your EMA will not be marked by your tutor, so your answers need to be clear to someone who is unfamiliar with your work. 
Prerequisites 
Before completing this EMA, you will need to have finished working through Weeks 1–19 of the module. If you have submitted TMAs 01 and 02 and completed the three iCMAs, you will be in a good position to complete the EMA and be more likely to achieve a better mark. 

The assessment You should answer all the questions in this assessment. To group together questions with a similar theme, this EMA has been split into three sections; you should answer all of the questions in each section. Unless otherwise stated, word counts are indicative; answers significantly shorter may not have covered the answer in sufficient depth and answers significantly longer have a tendency to be unclear, and as such marks may be lost by not answering the question fully. Seek advice from your tutor if you require further guidance. 
Note: numerical answers should be given to 3 significant figures throughout this EMA. 
Only values for final answers should be rounded. Ensure that you use unrounded numbers in calculations utilising answers from earlier parts of a question. 
T271 EMA – Section A 
You should answer all questions in this section. 
Question 1 – Tutor Group Forum 
This question is worth 8 marks. 
a. In Week 15, Activity 15.1b, you were asked to post some research on polyphase electricity and engage in a discussion with your peers through the tutor group forum. 
Making use of the interactions on your tutor group forum, summarise two advantages and two disadvantages of polyphase transmission of electricity with more than three phases. 
You should be able to answer Question 1a. in no more than 100 words. 

b. In Week 19, Activity 19.1c, you were asked to construct an article of no more than 200 words which summarises your perspective on what you consider to be the issues associated with centralised electricity generation versus distributed electricity generation. 
Copy your article as the answer to this part of Question 1. Full marks can be achieved for four appropriate points.

Question 2 – Open Engineering Laboratory 
This question is worth 18 marks. 
a. In Week 14, Activity 14.2b, you investigated the dependency of resistivity on temperature using the Open Engineering Laboratory (OEL). 
i. Copy the plot of your data from the OEL experiment as your answer to this part of the question. 
ii. Determine the value for the temperature coefficient of resistivity,showing all of your workings. 
b. Thinking about the OEL experiment: 
i. Identify two sources of uncertainty in the experiment. For each source of uncertainty, state its impact on your value of the temperature coefficient of resistivity, 
You should be able to answer Question 2b.i. in no more than 100 words.
ii. With reference to the internal structure of the wire, explain why the resistance of the wire increases as its temperature increases. You should be able to answer Question 2b.ii.in no more than 100 words. 
c. Using the internet or other research materials, explain why oxygen-free 
copper is used in the components that require a high conductivity. Reference fully any sources of information you use in answering Question 2(c). 
You should be able to answer Question 2c.. in no more than 100 words.
T271 EMA – Section B 
You should answer all questions in this section. 
Case study – local energy generation 
Carefully study the scenario below; it is needed to answer Questions 3, 4, 5 and 6. 
Scenario 
A community of 2,500 homes is considering their options for generating electricity locally. The final three options under consideration are: 
A river which runs to the north of the community, which is suitable for the installation of a hydroelectric generation facility. 
A large flat-topped hill to the east of the community, which could be used for a wind farm. 
Open land to the south of the community, which could also be used for a wind farm. 
The residents of the community have already discounted the possibility of a solar farm, as the amount of sunlight at this location is lower than the UK national average. 
Question 3 
This question is worth 16 marks. 
a. Qualitatively describe the benefits and drawbacks associated with the three options that the community are considering for local electricity generation. 
You should be able to answer Question 3a. in no more than 300 words. 
b. The hydroelectric facility that has been proposed will consist of a turbine with an efficiency of 86.0%. The facility will be located at a vertical depth of 12.0 m below the river bed. The river flows with the following properties: 
the hydraulic diameter of 5.80 m; 
slope of 0.030 
the wetted perimeter of 11.0 m; 
a Chézy coefficient of 5.00 m 0.5 s −1 
The density of the river water is 998.2 kg m -3 
and the acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m s -2 

Assume that the turbine operates for 95.0% of the time and that 1 year is approximately 3.1536 × 10 7s. Calculate: 
i. The mass flow rate of the river. (5 marks) 
ii. The maximum energy that could be extracted annually from the river flow. 

Question 4

This question is worth 12 marks. 
a. The wind farm could be located on the large flat-topped hill to the east of the community (site WT1), or on open land to the south of the community (site WT2). 
The wind speed distribution at site WT1 can be described by the Weibull distribution, where k = 4.4 and A = 11.6. The wind speed distribution at site WT2 can also be described by the Weibull distribution, where k = 3.0 and A = 8.8. Estimate the median wind velocity at sites WT1 and WT2. Assume that 1 year is approximately 3.1536 × 10 s. You must provide screenshots of how you achieved your answers. 

b. When the site is chosen, it is proposed that three-blade type wind turbines are installed, which can generate electricity for a wind velocity range from 3.00 ms to 12.0 ms. The turbine blades are 70.0 m in length, the power coefficient is 0.520 and the average air density is 1.21 kg m. Site WT1 can accommodate 3 wind turbines, whereas site WT2 can accommodate 5 wind turbines. It is estimated that the turbines can operate for 80.0% of the time at site WT1, and 85.0% of the time at site WT2. 
Based upon your answers to part 4a. of this question, estimate the maximum energy which could be extracted annually from the wind at sites WT1 and WT2. Assume that 1 year is approximately 3.1536 × 10 s.  

Question 5 
This question is worth 13 marks. 
a. Assume that each home has an average energy demand of 3,700 kWh per year. Determine the percentage of the energy supply from each of the generating options (hydroelectric, wind WT1 or wind WT2) that the average energy demand of the community represents. 
b. Describe which option you would recommend to the community. Justify your decision, discussing the benefits and drawbacks associated with each of the three options available. You should be able to answer Question 5b. in no more than 400 words.
Question 6 
This question is worth 13 marks. 
a. The option which the community eventually decide upon will generate significant quantities of excess energy. Discuss the benefits and drawbacks of storing excess energy locally and then selling the excess energy back into the National Grid. 
You should be able to answer Question 6a. in no more than 300 words. 
b. It is decided that the excess power generated from the preferred option will be transmitted to a neighbouring community. Calculate the transmission efficiency for the following situations: 
i. Single-phase a.c. transmission: sending voltage 33.0 kV; sending phase angle 4.00°; receiving phase angle 9.00°; current 600.0 A; voltage drop of 1.20% along the transmission line. 
ii. d.c. transmission: sending voltage 11.0 kV; total line resistance 0.550 Ω; power transmitted 8.00 MW. 

T271 EMA – Section C 
You should answer all questions in this section. 
Question 7 (synoptic) – Bicycle calliper brakes This question is worth 20 marks. 
A typical bicycle front brake system consists of a rear and a front calliper connected by a pivot which is mounted onto the bicycle frame as shown in Figure 1. The callipers are connected to the brake lever by a steel cable, which when pulled, forces the calliper to rotate around its pivot and the brake shoe moves against the wheel rim. Friction between the rim and brake pads converts the kinetic energy of the bicycle into heat. 

Figure 1 A side-pull calliper bicycle brake 
a. The two main structural components under consideration in this question 
are the brake cable and the front calliper (both labelled in Figure 1). When the brake lever is pulled, describe how these two components react to the loads introduced. 
You should be able to answer Question 7a. in no more than 150 words.  
Figure 2 shows a sketch of one of the two callipers that comprise the brake. 
Figure 2 Sketch of one of the brake callipers 
This arrangement can be modelled as two beams: a horizontal beam and a vertical beam permanently joined at the pivot, as shown in Figure 3. 
Figure 3 Model of one of the brake callipers 
b. 
i. Sketch the free body diagram of the brake calliper shown in Figure 
3.  
ii. The maximum cable force is estimated to be 500N. Show that the braking force applied to the wheel rim at this maximum cable force is 1kN. 
c. Sketch the shear force diagram for the horizontal arm of the calliper, clearly labelling the magnitude of the shear force. 
d. Sketch the bending moment diagram for the horizontal arm of the calliper, clearly labelling the magnitude of the bending moment. 
e. List two key material properties that any material used for the brake calliper would require in order not to fail when in normal use. 
f. 
i. Traditionally, most brake calliper arms have been made from steel or aluminium alloy. Select two alternative materials that could be used to manufacture the calliper arm. Each material chosen must be distinct from each other and each must provide a unique performance advantage for the calliper arm design over steel or aluminium alloy. For each material selected, justify the performance advantage over steel or aluminium alloy, providing clear substantiating quantitative or qualitative evidence, from EduPack or elsewhere. 
ii. The manufacturer of the wooden bicycle shown in Week 4, Activity 
4.1b marketed its product on its environmental credentials. Select a material for a set of brake callipers that would be similarly marketable on its environmental credentials. State the name of the material selected and justify your choice with evidence. 

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