Highlights
1.INTRODUCTION
Emerging markets have attracted considerable attention and are likely to become an increasingly important political and economic force. They represent an enormous opportunity for entrepreneurs, multinationals, and investors but also pose a threat for products, jobs, and resources. Many international investors after various investments they have noticed regarding obtaining profits as large, both in investing in developed markets as well as emerging markets. Just to obtain higher returns they are ready to take extra risk like risk of liquidity, volatility in exchange rates which are considerably a higher risk in compared to investing in emerging markets. Studies on the BRICS economies are countless, the progress of the economies and the progression towards this category is predetermined by researchers. Economic performance in many emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) improved substantially over the past twenty years. Goldman Sachs asserts that "India's influence on the world economy will be bigger and quicker than implied in our previously published BRICs research". This research provides an overview on the importance of emerging markets. Discusses the opportunities in and threats posed by emerging markets. Shows how studying emerging markets can provide new insights into business conglomerates, industry profitability, and corporate governance and discusses common perceptions and misconceptions of emerging markets. In essence, the seeks to develop a better understanding, comparative measure and provide guidelines for investors on India as emerging markets.
Research questions
India is one of the fastest growing nations, technological and economic growth is providing various investments to many investors to invest in the country. From the view as an emerging market, India is considered as fastest growing nation among the BRIC nations in the world. Foreign investors are interested to invest in developing countries like India so that they can obtain more returns through their investments when compared to developed nations. The last decade economic growth and the growth rate of various fields is reason for increasing investments into the Indian Emerging market. In order to understand the investment pattern of investors in emerging market this topic has been chosen and furthermore,
To study the investment decision in emerging market based on economic and political factors.
To study the investor’s reason for investing in the emerging market.? To analyse the level of risk and return among various investment types.
To analyse the impact of global investments towards emerging countries.
To study the financial returns in emerging countries.
To provide suggestion for potential returns on investments in emerging countries.
Study outline
This study is divided into seven chapters and each chapter explains separate aspect of the study. First chapter of the study is introduction which explains importance of this study, the aim of study and identifies research questions. Second chapter of literature review support the study through previous researches and creates a base for next chapter of hypothesis building. Third chapter of theoretical framework defines variable and identifies relationship between these variables through hypothesis. Next chapter of research methodology explains research design, data collection and various analysis tools used to analyze data. Fifth chapter of this study explains the results extracted through analysis tools. Sixth chapter provide conclusion of this study and last chapter provides recommendation and practical application of current study.
LITERATURE SURVEY
As growth has picked up in emerging countries and slowed in advanced economies, Emerging markets have become the engines of economic growth, rapidly gaining share of the world economy, which pushed firms everywhere to rethink about their global strategies. Developed countries have had to gear up to exploit new opportunities and resources in emerging markets, and emerging market firms have had to figure out how to take advantage of opportunities and resources in the rest of the world. The rise of emerging markets—their emergence after more than 200 years of being relatively minor players in the global economy—is causing one of the most significant shifts in the global economic and geopolitical structure since the beginning of the industrial revolution. According to International Monetary Fund (IMF) after the 2008 global financial crisis (GFC), interest rates in developed countries reached historically low levels, especially for safe assets, several studies argue that persistently low interest rates on safe assets have led investors to search for yield by expanding the range of investments they consider and by making them willing to accept increases in risk. As a consequence, the search for yield has expanded the demand for emerging market securities, especially corporate bonds issued in international markets.
2.1 History of emerging counties
In the 1970s, "less developed countries" (LDCs) was the common term for markets that were less "developed" than the developed countries such as the United States, Japan, and those in Western Europe. These markets were supposed to provide greater potential for profit but also more risk from various factors like patent infringement. This term was replaced by emerging market. 9 Originally coined in 1981 by then World Bank economist Antoine Van Agtmael the term “Emerging markets” is sometimes loosely used as a replacement for emerging economies, but really signifies a business phenomenon that is not fully described or constrained by such; these countries are considered to be in a transitional phase between developing and developed status. His idea was to point at the fact that several developing were in a period of transition, performing economically better than the developed nations. Today, some economists argue that "emerging markets" is an outdated term. One of these reasons is how some emerging markets have companies known for being global leaders on the stock market. Among the biggest growing markets are Brazil, Russia, India and China. As a result, the acronym "BRIC" has been gaining speed as a replacement for "emerging markets". They differ from developing countries in that they no longer rely primarily on agriculture, have made impressive gains in infrastructure and industrial growth, and are experiencing increasing incomes and quick economic growth.
2.2 Theoretical review
An emerging country is a country that has some characteristics of a developed market, but does not fully meet its standards. This includes markets that may become developed markets in the future or were in the past. Various definitions on Emerging countries are: “Emerging markets are fast-growing developing countries that are creating a rapidly expanding segment of middle class and rich consumers but still have sizable segment of ‘poor’ consumers at the bottom of the pyramid”. -K. Sudhir, Joe Priester, Matt Shum, David Atkin and others “Countries, with high levels of per capita income, are classified as “developed.” On the other hand, those countries with a low, middle, and upper-middle income per capita, relative to income in other countries around the globe, are classified as “developing,” or “emerging.” -The World Bank “Emerging market countries are those that are striving to become advanced countries and are generally on a more economically disciplined track to become more sophisticated - including increased fiscal transparency, focus on production, developing regulatory bodies and exchanges, and acceptance of outside investment.” 10 -Anne Sraders “Emerging markets are high-growth developing countries that represent attractive business opportunities for Western firms, Emerging markets share remarkable features in terms of economic potentials.” -Cavusgil (1987) “In spite of individual differences, all emerging markets are similar in their potential for future growth. It is the opportunities for future market expansion that most distinguishes an emerging economy from one normally associated with less developed countries. These forms of economic stimulus occur only in countries with policies conductive to increased growth.” -Miller (1998) “Broadly defined, an emerging market is a country making an effort to change and improve its economy with the goal of raising its performance to that of the world’s more advanced nations” -Emerging Markets Directory “There are three aspects of a country economy that often underlie various definitions. First is the absolute level of economic development, they overlap with ‘less developed countries. Second is the relative pace of economic development. Third is the system of market governance, the extend and stability of a free market system, if the country is in the process of economic liberalization it is sometimes defined as a ‘transitional economy’.” -J.D. Arnold & A.J. Quelch (1998)
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research design
Research design is an overall framework of a research that explains the direction and method to be used in the study to gather the information needed, either from primary or secondary sources. Quantitative approach has the characteristic of measuring objective facts using variables where data is separated from theory, statistically analyzed, and emphasized with its reliability. Quantitative approach been used to develop hypotheses that consist of all the variables to empirically investigate the above statement via statistical technique. Due to adoption of quantitative approach, it is inevitably that the study will be carrying out causal research where the hypotheses formulated consisting of all the variables will be empirically investigated using statistical technique such as charts, tables and other statistical measurements to prove the cause-and-effect relationship between employee retention and the independent factors, i.e., empowerment, training, compensation, appraisal, supervisor support, work life balance.
Data collection
Primary data: The Primary data is collected by using structured questionnaire from Investors of emerging country-India
Secondary data: The Secondary data for the study is collected through articles, journals and project reports online from various websites.
Tools for data analysis
The collected responses are to be compiled, sorted, edited, classified and entered the data into the computer for analysis. The Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS IBM 20) is used to analyse the data, below mentioned are the tools used for data analysis.
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