Highlights
Physical examination: Weight: 88 kg Height: 177 cm
On inspection, the neck veins were noted to be distended bilaterally. His skin colour was slightly bluish on the lower extremities and he had to sit upright to breathe properly. On examination, moderate pitting oedema was also present in his lower extremities bilaterally and his abdomen was distended. It was also noted on palpation and percussion that his liver was slightly enlarged (2 cm under the right costal margin).
The patient is in obvious respiratory distress with rapid breathing. Lung auscultation revealed prolonged expiration, numerous wheezes and coarse crackles, coarse crackles largely clearing after instructing the patient to cough.
On heart auscultation heart activity was generally regular with intermittent ectopic beats, first and second heart sounds were soft and additional heart sound could be heard in between the second and first sounds. No murmurs were apparent.
Routine blood tests: Hb 200 g/L, RCC 6.8 x 1012/L ,Hct 57% ,WCC 8 x 109/L ,MCV 84 fL ,MCHC 340 g/L ,MCH 29.4 pg ,Reticulocytes 3% ,Platelets 280 x 109/L ,CRP 5.5 mg/L, Pulse oximetry: 92%
Your task:
- Explain the likely pathophysiology of presenting features
- Interpret the vital signs and findings on physical examination
- Interpret the significance of the blood tests
- Develop the list of possible conditions the patient might have (differential diagnosis)
- Suggest and give rationale for further diagnostic tests
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