Pins and Needles sensation - Clinical Case Assignment

Internal Code: MAS3380

Clinical Case Assignment:

A 72-year- old male presents with a 2-month history of general malaise and fatigue and a 2-week history of intermittent paraesthesia (“pins and needles” sensation) in his left hand and muscle cramps on all extremities. He also has one episode of colicky abdominal pain and vomiting. He has a cervical dislocation treated by anterior fusion. He is not on medication or vitamin supplements and has no family history of endocrine disorders. His daily vitamin D and calcium intakes are 2.2 ftg and 490 mg, respectively. Physical examination: His BMI is 30 kg/m2. Trousseau and Chvostek's signs are present. Moniliasis, cataracts or papilloedema are not evident. The metacarpals are normal. The blood pressure registered at 170/110 mmHg. Questions: (1) What are the symptoms (experienced by the patient like chest pain) and signs (observed by another person like swelling or redness) that are consistent with the diagnosis? (2) What are the organs, tissues and/or body parts that are involved or affected by the homeostatic disturbance? (3) What processes are involved that can explain the homeostasis disturbance/s in the clinical case scenario?