POL5GGA - Promoting Global Climate Change Adaptation Policies - Economics Assignment Help

Assignment Task

Global climate change has had a negative effect on the world’s economy and political landscape, particularly in less-developed small island states that are already experiencing the full effects of climate change with the increase of natural disasters (such as extreme rainfall, storm surges or inundations) along with the incremental sea-level rise and environmental degradation (such as the loss of marine biodiversity) may destroy a country’s economy and increase the chances of violent civil unrest (UNFCCC 2018, Combes 2015). Human activities have already caused an overall increase in global warming and its resulting impacts have been far worse than previously forecasted (AOSIS 2018).

For the Maldives, climate change is a national security issue that must be urgently addressed. Over the long-term, global warming poses as an existential threat to the country (Chestney 2018) with future sea levels projected to increase in the range of 100 – 1000 cm by 2100, which would completely submerge the country (World Bank 2010). In terms of economy, climate change will also see Maldives’ economic losses equal to over 2% of the annual GDP by 2050 and rising to 12.6% by 2100 (ADB 2014).

However, given the uncertainties of climate change, losses could reach to as high as 38%, but with proper mitigation and climate change adaption policies the losses would be limited to about only 3.5% of the GDP by 2100 (ADB 2014). In the short-term, the following have been identified as the key sectors of the country that will be most vulnerable to the effects of climate change: These are the extensive erosion of the land, beach and human settlements; rising sea level’s impact on critical infrastructure; tourism; fisheries; human health; water resources; agriculture and food security; and coral reef biodiversity (UNDP 2019, MEE 2015). All identified are vital necessities for Maldives to function.

National-level (Promoting Both ‘Hard’ and ‘Soft’ Climate Change Adaptation Policies)

(a) Investment in Development – Develop the country to increase eco-tourism and gain more capital, foreign direct investment, and technology transfers (Vidal 2015). Although, the initial investment is expensive these will deliver long-term positive results for Maldivians in the form of protection, infrastructure, and increased government services (MARCO 2019).

(b) Eventual Transition to a Green and Sustainable Maldives – After attaining immediate short-term protection, switching to a more sustainable ‘soft’ approach against climate change will foster sustainable development, create low carbon emission rates and energy security and build natural infrastructure not harmful to the ecosystem (MEE 2015).

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