POPH90014: Epidemiology - Cervical Cancer - Nursing Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

This assignment is about cancer of the cervix uteri (which we will refer to as cervical cancer), which is almost exclusively due to infection by certain types of the human papillomavirus (HPV).  Most HPV infections clear quickly, but some persistent infections can lead to the development of cervical cancer.

In 2007, Australia was the first country to introduce a vaccine to prevent HPV infection.  You can read about the vaccine here. Using a combination of the vaccine and screening for HPV, the World Health Organization has set a goal to eliminate cervical cancer.

For the first part of the assignment, you will perform calculations using data on cervical cancer incidence from 2009-2013 obtained from the Victorian Cancer Registry. The Registry records details of all cancers diagnosed in Victoria.

1. Of the two measures of incidence –incidence rate and incidence proportion –incidence rate is the correct measure to use for these data.  Why?

2. Do not include the answer to this question in the word count.

3. Copy Table 1 and paste it into your assignment answer document.  Fill in the blanks in the Table.

4. The denominators for the rates should be included in the columns immediately to the right of the “Cases” columns; these columns currently have no heading – you should add the correct heading. 

5. Add the unit for the incidence rates to the footnote (i.e., replace the XXX).  

6. Refer to the Canvas material on “Number of decimal places to report” when presenting the rates, rate ratios and rate differences.  You are encouraged to use a spreadsheet program such as Microsoft Excel for the calculations. You can also use statistical software such as Stata or R if you wish.

7. For the rate ratios and rate differences, use the incidence rates for the least disadvantaged quintile as the reference.  

8. b) Below the table, show your full working for the incidence rate for women aged 25-34 in the most disadvantaged quintile. 

9. Which group had higher incidence rates: women living in the most disadvantaged areas or women living in the least disadvantaged areas? 

10. Describe the patterns of age-specific rates separately for the most and least disadvantaged women.
    You might find this easier if you draw a graph showing the age-specific rates.  If you choose to draw a graph, it will not be assessed, and you will not be penalised for not drawing a graph.

11. Describe and compare the patterns in the age-specific rate ratios and age-specific rate differences. Drawing graphs of the age-specific rate ratios and rate differences might help you see the patterns better, but the graphs will not be assessed.

12. We wish to use the rate differences to compare the rates for the most and least disadvantaged women.  What information would we lose if we ignore the age-specific rate differences and only use the crude rate difference (i.e., the all-ages rate difference)?

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