Population of Hawk Moths Lives in a Valley in Canada - Genetics Assignment Help

Assignment Task :

QUESTION 1. A large population of hawkmoths lives in a valley in Canada. Genetic tests reveal the following frequencies of alleles for wing colour: 

Frequency Allele Phenotype 0.5 C Black wing (dominant to ct and c) 0.4 ct Tan wing (dominant to c?) 0.1 cw White wing (recessive to both other alleles)

a) If moths continue to mate randomly, what would be the frequencies of moths with black, tan, and white wings in the next generation? 

b) A small group of the moths flies to neighbouring Montana and starts a new population. After several generations, there is a large randomly-mating population of hawkmoths. Observations of the Montana moths reveal the following: 

Phenotype Frequency Black wings 0.75 Tan wings 0 White wings 0.25 What are the allele frequencies for C, ct, and cw? 

c) The change in allele frequency in the Montana population as compared with the original Canadian population is an example of __ _____. 

QUESTION 2. Histone acetyltransferases add acetyl groups to lysines, which are positively charged amino acids. How might this affect the association of a nucleosome with DNA? 

QUESTION 3. If ribonucleotides were depleted from a cell during S phase, how would the DNA synthesis be affected? Ignore energetic considerations. 

QUESTION 4. The following are melting temperatures for different double-stranded DNA molecules: 

A. 73°C B. 69°C C. 84°C D. 78°C E. 82°C a) Using the letters (A-E) to symbolize the DNA molecules, arrange the above molecules from lower to higher content of G-C pairs. 

b) Explain your answer in no more than 6 lines. 

QUESTION 5. A protein found in zebra fish normally has the following N-terminal amino acid sequence: Met-Val-Ser-Ser-Pro-Met-Gly-Ala-Ala-Met-Ser A mutant is altered so that the anticodon of a tRNA is changed from 5’-GAU-3’ to 5’- CAU-3’. Using the genetic code provided in the Appendix respond the following questions: 

a) What would be the N-terminal amino acid sequence of this protein in the mutant?

b) Would this mutation have an effect on the organism’s phenotype? Explain your reasoning. 

QUESTION 6. Klemke et al. (2001) discovered an interesting coding phenomenon in an exon within a neurologic hormone receptor gene in mammals, by which two protein entities (XLαs and ALEX) appear to be produced from the same exon. Below is the DNA sequence of the exon’s 5’-end derived from a rat. The lowercase letters represent the initial sequence for the XLαs gene, and the uppercase letters indicate the initial portion of the ALEX coding region. (For simplicity, and to correspond with the RNA coding dictionary, it is customary to represent the non-template strand of the DNA segment). 

Using the genetic code provided to you in this document’s Appendix, 

a) Provide the mRNA sequence for each of the genes. Indicate the molecular orientation (3’ and 5’ ends) of the sequences.

b) Provide the amino acid sequence for each coding sequences. In the region of overlap, are the two amino acid sequences the same?

c) Are there any advantages to having the same DNA sequence for two protein products? Discuss potential evolutionary advantages or disadvantages to having the same DNA sequence code for two protein products. 

QUESTION 7. As a last-resort emergency response to severe DNA damage, Bacillus subtilis, like E. coli, activates an SOS response. The DNA damage activates the RecA protein, which results in the LexA protein cleaving itself. Intact LexA binds to a consensus sequence, 5’-CGAACNNNNGTTCG-3’, found in the promoter region of about 17 genes used to repair DNA damage. Cleaved LexA is unable to bind this consensus sequence sequence. Therefore, cleavage of LexA leads to the transcription of these genes. Answer the following questions and concisely justify your answer. a) Is LexA a positive or negative regulatory protein? b) What role does the 5’-CGAACNNNNGTTCG-3’ sequence play?

c) Tow allelic mutations, designated A and B, alter the 5’-CGAACNNNNGTTCG-3’ sequence of a gene so that LexA cannot bind the A sequence at all but it binds to the B sequence much more tightly than it does to the wild-type sequence. Suppose an SOS response is triggered in each mutant. What phenotype do your expect each to exhibit?

d) A plasmid bearing a mutant lexA gene is introduced into an otherwise normal strain of B. subtilis. The mutant gene makes a LexA protein that binds tightly to the sequence but is unable to undergo self-cleavage. What phenotype do you expect this strain to have? 

QUESTION 8. Cloned eukaryotic genes are not always able to be expressed in bacterial cells. What are some possible reasons for this? 

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