Process Control and Instrumentation Engineering - Construct Process Control Loops - Engineering Assignment Help

Assignment Task :

Aim
The aim of the module is to provide an understanding on the fundamentals of process control and instrumentation techniques used in process industries. The topics cover different types of process control loops, its functions, operational modes and instruments for measurement applicable to process industry.
 

Learning Outcomes
On completion of this module the student should be able to:
1. Evaluate the system responses to different inputs. 
2. Develop skills for control loop adjustments and combining control systems 
3. Construct process control loops with the help of piping & instrumentation diagram. 

Task 1 : Problem Solving

The student will be given set of problems with unique data to solve. He/she will prepare a comprehensive and detailed solution for each of the given problem. The sets of problem will be generated from the excel file where different values of the given parameters are set for each of the students. Standard referencing and citations must be observed. Zero tolerance to plagiarism.

Question 1.0

A thermocouple which is a temperature sensor has a static transfer function of 0.15 mV/oC and a time constant of  ‘τ’ . If a step change of  Ti to Tf  shown in Table 1.1 is applied at t = 0 sec, determine the following;

1. The output voltages at 0.5 sec, 2.0 sec, and 9 sec;           

The indicated temperature  at these times mentioned in item (i).

Question 2.0

Construct a block diagram of a refrigerator control system. Define each block in terms of refrigerator components. Clearly describe and discuss the following;

1. Measurement system of refrigerator and its working principle;                                  

2. Device for setpoint and how the setpoint is being implemented;                           

3. Controller of refrigerator and its working principle;                         

4. The process element of the refrigerator;                                                   

5. The final control element and its working principle.                                          

Question 3.0

A certain device uses a pressure-measurement system thru a sensor that converts pressure into voltage according to the transfer functions, Vp = 0.5P . This voltage is then converted into a current. As the pressure varies from Pi  to Pf (psi), the current varies from 4.0 mA to 20 mA which is a standard electrical signal.  Determine the following;

1. The relationship of the voltage to current;              

2. The pressure differential ΔP, will cause the current to change by 1.0 mA from 

Question 4.0

A manufacturer specifications sheet lists the transfer function of a pressure sensor as 45 ± 5% mV/kPa with a time constant of 4 ± 10%. A highly accurate test system applies a step change of pressure from Pi kPa to Pf kPa shown in Table 1.6. Determine the following;

1. The range of sensor voltage outputs initially and finally;     

2. The range of voltages would be expected to be measured 2.0 sec after the stepchange is applied.

Question 5.0

Consider the different control loop configuration shown in Figure 5a and Figure 5b.

1. Describe and discuss the type of control loop configuration used by Figure 5a       

2. Figure 5b is considered a ‘Split Range’ control loop configuration. Usingvarious resources i.e. books, journals and internet sources, discuss the conceptof this type of control loop configuration. Apply this concept to the working principleof the given Figure 5b.     

                                        Figure 5b: Steam Headers Control System

Question 6.0

Figure 6 shows a system for measuring the pressure of exploding gases inside a steel chamber. A computer is used to measure the pressure. The pressure sensor has a transfer function of Vp = 0.05p+500   and a first-order time constant of  ‘τ’ . When an explosion occurs, the pressure rises virtually instantaneously from 0 psi to some maximum, pmax (psi). At t = 0, the explosion occurs, and the computer must take a reading at ‘t’ in seconds and determine the pressure, pmax. This is before the sensor signal has stabilized.

1. Explain how pmax can be determined from a measurement taken at  ‘t’ sec.                     

2. Suppose the sensor signal at  ‘t’ sec is 1.45 volts. What is the value of  pmax?           

3. Suppose pmax is equal to 2500 psi , what value will the sensor voltage have at 1.0 sec?        

Task B : Technical Report

A batch reactor for glucose-isomerization process is shown in Figure B. Prepare a technical report of at least 500 words detailing the following items; 

1. Develop a complete Piping/Process & Instrumentation Diagram P&ID for thegiven process;  

2. Identify and explain the types  valves, equipment, sensors,  transducers, transmitters, converters, controllers, and different types of  signals ithePiping & Instrumentation diagram drawn in item(i);                      

3. Discuss about the manipulated and controlled variable of the process loop from Piping and Instrumentation diagram drawn.                                                                                         

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