PSY2202 - Research Methods in Psychology - Dr. Feelgood Case Study - Arts and Humanities Assignment Help

Assignment Task :

Part A, Section 1: Background
A researcher wanted to investigate the relationship between saving money and marital satisfaction. He reasoned that married people who were economically well off would have fewer arguments about money and hence, lead happier lives. To investigate this, he identified a group of 20 couples who regularly saved money and a group of 20 couples who rarely, if ever, saved money and asked both groups to fill out the Manchester Marital Satisfaction scale. The researcher analysed the results and found that the group who regularly saved money were more satisfied with their marriages than the other group and concluded that
saving money directly results in an increase in marital satisfaction.
 

Part A, Section 2: Assignment Task
Answer the following questions.
1. State the Null hypothesis (Ho) for this research scenario. 
2. State the Alternative hypothesis (Ha) for this research scenario. 
3. What is (are) the ‘Independent Variable(s)’ and the levels of the IV? 
4. What is (are) the ‘Dependent Variable(s)’?
5. Why are the researcher’s conclusions not justified? 
6. How may this research be recast in terms of an experimental design?

Part B: Research Analyses 

Part B, Section 1: Background
An educational psychologist believed that daily instruction in phonics (i.e., how to sound out letters phonetically) would help Year 4 primary school children improve some aspects of their reading ability. She arranged for a Year 4 class of 15 students to receive a daily 40- minute practice session in phonics by a registered phonics instructor for eight weeks. A control classroom of 15 Year 4 students followed the same curriculum but without the phonics sessions. At the end of the eight-week period, all students were given a Degree of Reading Ability (DRA) test designed to measure their reading fluency. The higher the DRA score, the higher the reading fluency. The data for the two groups are provided below.

Part B, Section 2: Assignment Task
Write up the analyses as you would in the Results and Discussion section of a journal article, including the report of a central tendency measure, a variability measure, and the outcome of the t-test (30 points). The centred heading you should use at the top of the page is Results and Discussion (exactly like this). You should also create and embed a graph of the data (15 points). Follow this up with discussion (20 points) in which you:
(a) present some conclusions about the relationship between phonics and reading ability;
(b) discuss the shortcomings of the study’s design and the possible confounds;
(c) provide some suggestions for improvement of the study’s design.

Part C: Research Analyses – Between-groups ANOVA 

Part C, Section 1: Background
In 1925, Edgar Hurwitz wanted to address the question “What are the effects on pupil performance of different types of incentives?” In contemporary psychology, this relation between “pupil performance” and “incentives” may be expressed in the following way: Positive reinforcement (reward) produces greater increments of learning than does punishment. In other words, the relation is between reinforcement (or reward and punishment) and learning. Educators and parents of the 20th Century often assumed that punishment was the more effective agent in learning. Educators and parents of the 21st Century often assume that positive reinforcement (reward) is more effective than other agents. Both viewpoints may say that theirs is only “common sense”, but thanks to Hurwitz, we may be able to shed some light on these two viewpoints. In 1925, before the development of the ANOVA and before stringent ethical guidelines directed psychological research, Hurwitz conducted the following study. He divided 80 fourth graders into four groups: E1, E2, E3, and C. Five forms of an addition test A, B, C, D, and E, were used. (Assume that these alternate forms of the addition test are equivalently valid and reliable.) Form A was administered to all of the students on the first day. For the next four days, the experimental groups E1, E2, and E3, were given a different form of the test. Group C (the control group) was separated from the other groups and given different forms of the test on four separate
days. The students of Group C were told to work as usual. But each day before the tests were given, the E1 group was brought to the front of the room and praised for its good work. Then the E2 group was brought forward and reproved (i.e., reprimanded) for its poor work. The members of the E3 group were ignored. On the fifth day of the experiment, Form E was administered to all groups; the scores were the number of correct responses on this form of the test.

Part D: Research Analyses – Repeated Measures ANOVA (120 points)
Part D, Section 1: Background
Dr. Feelgood, a prominent marriage counsellor, was interested in the association between length of marriage and marriage satisfaction over time. Over the course of her 20-year career, the recent divorcée collected data using the Worry Expression Scale (WES). The WES is a well known scale which purportedly measures how much a person expresses their concerns or worries to their partner by asking them to respond to a series of sensitive questions that are known to cause concerns within marriage, as well as how they would respond in a range of role-play scenarios in which their ethics may be challenged. In the WES, the higher the score the more that a person is likely to express their worries or concerns to their partner. Dr.Feelgood’s research involved some of her clients who attended Dr. Feelgood’s practice on a regular basis to receive help with couples’ conflict resolution. Dr Feelgood’s sample included husbands who took the WES when they initially got married (time0) and then at their 2nd
(time1), 4th (time2), and 6th (time3) wedding anniversaries. Her sample included 12 married men who made it to their 6th wedding anniversary. Her WES scores are listed in Table 1 below.

Part D, Section 2: Assignment Task

(a) present some conclusions about the relationship between length of time of marriage and how much men express their worries and concerns to their partners;
(b) discuss the shortcomings of Dr. Feelgood’s design and the possible confounds;
(c) discuss what additional data you would have liked to have collected to clarify the meaning of the present results, especially in light of Dr Feelgood’s conclusions.

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