PSY2202 - Research Methods in Psychology - Edgar Hurwitz Case Study - Psychology Assignment Help

Assignment Task :

Part A, Section 1: Background
A researcher wanted to investigate the relationship between saving money and marital satisfaction. He reasoned that married people who were economically well off would have fewer arguments about money and hence, lead happier lives. To investigate this, he identified a group of 20 couples who regularly saved money and a group of 20 couples who rarely, if ever, saved money and asked both groups to fill out the Manchester Marital Satisfaction scale. The researcher analysed the results and found that the group who regularly saved money were more satisfied with their marriages than the other group and concluded that saving money directly results in an increase in marital satisfaction.
 

Part A, Section 2: Assignment Task
Answer the following questions.
1. State the Null hypothesis (Ho) for this research scenario. 
2. State the Alternative hypothesis (Ha) for this research scenario. 
3. What is (are) the ‘Independent Variable(s)’ and the levels of the IV?  
4. What is (are) the ‘Dependent Variable(s)’?  
5. Why are the researcher’s conclusions not justified?  
6. How may this research be recast in terms of an experimental design?

Part C, Section 1: Background
In 1925, Edgar Hurwitz wanted to address the question “What are the effects on pupil performance of different types of incentives?” In contemporary psychology, this relation between “pupil performance” and “incentives” may be expressed in the following way:
Positive reinforcement (reward) produces greater increments of learning than does punishment. In other words, the relation is between reinforcement (or reward and
punishment) and learning. Educators and parents of the 20th Century often assumed that punishment was the more effective agent in learning. Educators and parents of the 21st Century often assume that positive reinforcement (reward) is more effective than other agents. Both viewpoints may say that theirs is only “common sense”, but thanks to Hurwitz,we may be able to shed some light on these two viewpoints. In 1925, before the development of the ANOVA and before stringent ethical guidelines directed psychological research, Hurwitz conducted the following study. He divided 80 fourth graders into four groups: E1, E2, E3, and C. Five forms of an addition test A, B, C, D, and E, were used. (Assume that these alternate forms of the addition test are equivalently valid and reliable.) Form A was administered to all of the students on the first day. For the next four days, the experimental groups E1, E2, and E3, were given a different form of the test. Group C (the control group)
was separated from the other groups and given different forms of the test on four separate days. The students of Group C were told to work as usual. But each day before the tests were given, the E1 group was brought to the front of the room and praised for its good work. Then the E2 group was brought forward and reproved (i.e., reprimanded) for its poor work. The members of the E3 group were ignored. On the fifth day of the experiment, Form E was administered to all groups; the scores were the number of correct responses on this form of the test 

Part C, Section 2: Assignment Task
Perform appropriate analyses to determine whether or not the data supports the claim that reinforcement (in the form of praise or punishment) enhances learning. As part of your analyses, you should perform two planned orthogonal comparisons: One that compares all of the experimental groups with the control group and another that compares the praise and reprove groups. You should also perform post hoc comparisons to check whether or not particular pairs of groups are significantly different.
Write up the analyses as you would in the Results and Discussion section of a journal article, including the report of a central tendency measure, a variability measure, the outcome of the statistical analyses you choose to perform , along with the results of the planned comparisons. The centred heading you should use at the top of the page is Results and Discussion (exactly like this). You should also create and embed a graph of the data in the Results and Discussion section. Follow this up with a discussion in which you present some conclusions about the relationship between reinforcement and learning. 

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