Highlights
Questionnaires
The following questionnaires (from the list in the assignment 1 handout) were included to collect data on the new scale, and for the purposes of assessing validity of the new scale:
Note: * indicates a reverse-scored item. In SPSS these items are designated by R at the end of the name (see Name column in Variable View). These have already been reverse scored, so you do not need to do anything with them.
The following measures, including the new scale, are listed in the same order that they are presented in the SPSS data file.
Realistic optimism, unrealistic optimism, pessimism (developed by students in PSY30003)
For the following statements please select the response which best represents your views.
1 = Strongly disagree, 5 = Strongly agree
Unrealistic optimism
1. I believe that I am more likely than others to live a long and healthy life
2. I am more likely to succeed in life compared to my peers
3. Bad things sometimes happen to other people, but those things won’t happen to me
4. Regardless of the challenge, I still expect things to turn out better for me than for others
5. Negative events are more likely to affect other people
6. I am much less likely than the average person to ever experience a severe illness
7. I am less likely to suffer a heart attack than the average person
8. Left to themselves my problems seem to work out
9. I believe that my life will work out well, no matter what
Realistic optimism
1. I can succeed with careful planning and persistence
2. If I work hard I can achieve my goals
3. I lower my expectations of success if the circumstances are challenging
4. With the right support I believe I can succeed in life
5. With hard work, I can achieve my goals
6. I accept that life is challenging, but I trust in my ability to overcome those challenges
7. I view feedback as useful for my success.
8. I make a concerted effort to achieve desired outcomes
9. I am good at many things but I cannot be good at everything
Pessimism
1. I often think that I will fail at a task before I start it
2. Even when things seem to be going well, I expect the worst to happen
3. I tend to believe that only bad things happen to me
4. Things usually go wrong for me
5. It doesn’t matter what I do, things go wrong for me
6. I don’t think anything positive will happen to me in the future
7. Things rarely work out in my favour
8. I often feel that nothing good is going to happen to me
9. No matter how hard I try, things never work out for me.
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