PUBH6005 - Epidemiology - Nursing Assignment Help

Assignment Task -           

Learning Outcomes

1. Assess levels of evidence and make  recommendations 

2. Interpret data arising from surveillance and research studies, including rates and ratios 

3. Understand the difference between  association and causation, statistical and public health significance 

4. Critically evaluate epidemiological  studies, including potential for bias, confounding and chance errors

Context: 

This assessment requires you to apply the knowledge and skills gained in all the modules to undertake a critical appraisal. You will need to appraise 3 articles of a topic  and research question given to you by your facilitator. 

1. Search the library database to find three studies that answer your research  question. All three studies must be of different study designs. For instance, you could include case control, cohort and RCTs. These studies do not have to prove  their hypothesis or agree with each other. Please note that marks will be deducted if all identified papers are of similar study. 

2. Critically appraise all three articles you found. Your answers are to be written in the tables provided to you which was based on CASP checklist and other types of  checklist. 

3. In the table, you are required to answer either “Yes”, “No”, “Unclear”. 

4. For each of the answer of “Yes”, “No” or “Unclear”, you will need to provide the “Evidence” that you found in the article to support your answers. 

5. For each of the “Evidence”, you will need to critically appraise stating your justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution.Please see table for an example of how “evidence” is written.

Table 3 Cohort study: The predictive and diagnostic accuracy of vascular endothelial  growth factor and pentraxin-3 in severe dengue (Low et al., 2018

Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution 

The objective of this study was to evaluate VEGF and PTX-3 as predictive and diagnostic markers in differentiating severe dengue from non-severe dengue. The  objective is specific to evaluating the two biomarkers among so many markers mentioned  in the pilot study that was conducted before this study. (Low, Gan, & Ho, 2015) The  dengue classification (severe and non-severe) was validated, specific and measureable. It  was derived from the World Health Organisation dengue guideline. (World Health  Organization, 2009) The study also specifically evaluated the predictive and diagnostic  accuracy of the two markers.

Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution 

The participants were recruited prospectively based on the eligibility criteria. All  participants who are 15 years or older, presented only in the first 3 days of illness and a  positive NS1 Ag test. However, it was unclear of the definition of the “illness” as it can  represent a specific onset of a symptoms or whether it is due to fever. Majority of the  existing studies defined the illness begin when patient developed fever. (Ahmed, 2010;  Kumar, Gittens-St Hilaire, & Nielsen, 2013; Mahboob et al., 2010) Based on Table 1, we  can assume that all patients were recruited based on the fever presented within the first  3 days of illness. Suggestion to the author is to clearly define what is “illness”. 

NS1 Ag is a standard diagnostic test but again, most other studies used Dengue IgM as  confirmatory method. (Mahboob et al., 2010; Tang et al., 2015; Thein et al., 2014) However, the author justified that Dengue IgM and a more highly accurate RT-PCR was  used to double confirm the NS1 Ag positive cases.

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