Assignment Task:

Task:

Executive Summary

Since the beginning of the military conflict, Yemen has turned into one of the world’s poorest and less secure countries, putting maternal and newborn health and life in jeopardy. Recently, the UNICEF experts have recorded more than a twofold increase in the rate of maternal death, with 12 women dying every day from difficulties while pregnant and childbirth compared to 5 deaths back in 2013. The experts also stress that since three out of ten births take place outside a healthcare facility, the newborn death rate is terrifying with 6 newborns dying every 2 hours, and one in thirty-seven newborn babies being likely to die in the first month of life.

The aim of the Yemen household project is to reduce the rate of maternal and newborn deaths through holistic healthcare interventions. The project technical interventions will be implemented in two years, maternal health will be implemented starting in project year 1 and the newborn starting in project year 2. The project will focus its implementation of activities in the governorate of Sana city and Dhamar. A group of 300 adolescent girls and women aged 15 years or older will take part in the household survey aimed to determine the number of pregnant mothers  completed their 4 antenatal visits, newborn births with at least one skilled attendant, increased in care for mothers receiving postnatal care in the 2 days of child birth, number of mothers who put newborns to breastfeed within the first hour of delivery, increased number of newborns who had first postnatal checkup within first two days after birth  and finally the increased number of pregnant women receiving counseling for the danger sign during pregnancy from the health professional attendant.

The household survey helped in order to collect data to compare the rates of maternal and newborn deaths in the pre- and post-intervention period. The statistical analysis sheds light on the factors to consider, initiatives to introduce, and obstacles to take into consideration.       

Project Background

National Context

Torn by the military conflict, Yemen is one of the world’s poorest countries, which has a profound negative effect on maternal and newborn health. Recently, the UN Children’s Fund has issued the report highlighting that maternal and newborn health is “on the brink of total collapse” in Yemen (as cited in UN News, 2019, n. page). Indeed, twelve mothers die every day from complications during pregnancy and childbirth; and the number of maternal deaths has more than doubled since 2013 (UN News, 2019). There has also been a sharp increase in child mortality, with six newborns dying every two hours from complications during pregnancy and childbirth (UNICEF, 2019).

Program Overview

Time and period of project

A two-year intervention will be in place to reduce the rate of maternal and newborn mortality in Yemen’s two major governorates (Sana city and Dhamar) being at an elevated risk because of an escalating conflict. The project seeks to address the causes, consequences, and deterrents of increasing rates of maternal and newborn mortality in Sana city and Dhamar. Hence, the project will involve several stages that are reflected on the timeline below.

Location

The Republic of Yemen is located at the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula and is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north and Oman to the east. The armed conflict in Yemen remains a cause of the international community’s concern, taking into account 6,782 civilians killed and 14 million people at risk of starvation and death (Human Rights Watch, 2018). According to Human Rights Watch (2018), women and children constitute the most vulnerable population, with 3 million of the targeted group being at an elevated risk of violence. With the beginning of the conflict, thousands of women and children have been in jeopardy; and in Yemen 90.000 pregnant women are under major threat because of an escalating conflict (UNFPA, 2018). According to Al-Tayar, Ahmad, Sinor, and Harun (2019), women and children are at an elevated risk of malnutrition and outbreaks of various diseases. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the targeted group’s health could be effective to reduce the rate of maternal and newborn mortality in Yemen. .): The project will be implemented in two governorate areas of Sana and Dhamar, around 3-4 districts will be selected from these governorate areas for survey implementation plans.

Characteristics of the targeted population

According to the UNICEF (2019) report, 1 in 260 women dies in pregnancy or childbirth. The infant mortality rate has increased dramatically, and now 1 in 37 new-born babies is likely to die in the first month of life (UNICEF, 2019). The growing rate of maternal and newborn mortality is attributed to a range of factors, including ineffective supervision of pregnancy and the lack of proper conditions for childbearing. A recent UNICEF (2019) report suggests only three out of ten births take place in healthcare facilities. Teenage pregnancy is another reason for complications, with 1 in 15 adolescent girls aged 15-19 years giving birth (UNICEF, 2019). With a significant number of women being poorly educated, malnourished, and at a high risk of violence, the problem of newborn and maternal deaths is becoming terrifying.

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