Highlights
Instructions to respondents
Explain the instructions to be given to the respondents. The aim of the instructions is to ensure that respondents know what to do and to encourage them to give honest answers. Such honesty is usually evoked by telling respondents that you are doing the research to meet university degree requirements; that questionnaires are confidential and completed anonymously; that there are no correct or incorrect answers; and that an answer is ‘right’ if it describes what they know or how they feel.
Means of data collection
Describe the instrument you are going to use (e.g., questionnaire/interview schedule) to collect the data and why you intend doing it in this particular way.
- For exploratory research, you need to describe the nature of your interview and/or questionnaire. If you use a questionnaire, you need to explain who compiled the questions, the number of questions, what they purport to measure (if more than one variable is being measured you need to indicate which items measure which variable). If you are going to calculate scores you need to explain how the items are to be scored; which items need to be reverse scored; what a high/low overall score indicates, and range of scores.
- For hypothesis testing research, you need to explain the nature of your questionnaire, that is, who designed it; how many items there are; what variable the items purport to measure (if more than one variable is being measured you need to indicate which items measure which variable). You also need to explain how the items are to be scored; which items need to be reverse scored; what a high/low overall score indicates, and range of scores.
You may use an existing questionnaire, or you may construct your own. The scale should have between ten and twenty items. Subjects may lose interest in longer questionnaires.
Your questionnaire should consist of two sections:
- Section 1 should consist of questions relating to relevant biographical information (e.g., age, gender, marital status). Do not ask unnecessary questions. For example, if your hypothesis deals with the attitudes of men and women towards gender roles asking them to indicate their career is unnecessary.
- Section 2 should consist of a scale. NOTE: For the purposes of this study, you need not calculate the reliability of the scale.
To test if there is a significant difference between the means of two groups, we recommend that you use a Likert scale. Depending on the nature of your project, you may also construct a semantic differential scale.
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