Republic of the Union of Myanmar & Rohingyas - Sociology Assignment Help

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INTRODUCTION
Burma or Myanmar, also officially known as the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and it is the largest country in Southeast Asia in terms of area. However, despite being a large country, the economic growth is poor. The country covers a vast area of 677,000 square kilometers, makes it almost twice the size of Germany. The country bordered by China to the north and northeast, Laos to the east, Thailand to the southeast, the Andaman Sea, and the Bay of Bengal is well-thought-out to be located in the south and southwest, Bangladesh on the west, and India to the northwest.
Buddhism is the most prominent religion, constitutes 89.2% of the population, followed by Christianity (5.0%), Islam (3.8%), and Hinduism (0.5%). The government officially recognizes 135 different ethnicities. The largest group representing about 68% of the population is the Barman people, who speak the official Burmese language. The other main groups are Shan (9 percent) and Karen (7 percent) groups, and Mon, Rakhine, Chin, Kachin, Karenni, Kayan, Chinese, Indian, Danu, Akha, Kokang, Lahu, Naga, Palaung, Pao, Rohyinga, Tavoyan, and Wa peoples each constitute 5 percent or less of the population. 
The Shan language is spoken approximately by 3.2 million people and Karen by 2.6 million and Kachin around 900,000 Kachin and Mon ethnicities by 750,000 respectively.
The country was known as a pariah state as it was underneath the regulation of military junta since the 1960s, and gradual liberalization took place in 2010, which directed free elections in the year 2015 through the installation of government. In 2021 a coup d'état in Myanmar began when the democratically elected members deposed through Tatmadaw, the Myanmar military, and this vested power provided a stratocratic form of government.
This paper enumerates the factors regarding the Rohingya Refugee Crisis and deals with its history and the causes behind it. Furthermore, it establishes and analyzes how the other countries helped in assisting with this and move on to provide solutions for resolving the issue. In conclusion, it summarizes the points that have been established and discussed in the paper. 

RAKHINE
Rakhine lies in the coastal region of western Myanmar, bordering Bangladesh in the north and India to the south. The state population of Rakhine is estimated to be 3.22 million(MIMU), and it is one of the poorest regions in the country. Rakhine is the largest group in Rakhine State. The river Naf separates Rakhine from Chittagong of Bangladesh. It is home to other smaller groups such as Chin, Mro, Khami, Thet, Dainet, Maramagyi, Kaman, as well as Chinese, Indian and Bangladeshi descendants who describe themselves as Rohingyas. The majority of the state are followers of Buddhism, and the minority are followers of Islam. The Rakhine has two distinct Muslim groups, the Kamen, who speak Burmese, and the Rohingyas, concentrated in the northern Rakhine, who speak Rohingya similar to the dialect of the Chittagonian of Bangladesh. The province happened to be an independent kingdom historically and located between Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Rakhine used to be known as the Arakan Kingdom, and it was one of the most primitive regions in Southeast Asia as it helped develop the Dharmic religions through Buddhism and Hinduism. Islam arrived at a later stage with the Arab merchants in the eighth century, and the Kingdom of Mrauk U developed as a self-governing Arakanese realm for three hundred years (Ramli, Awang, and Ab Rahman 2020). At a later stage after the conquest, the Arakan turned out to be one of the disunions in British India through the British East India Company. They acknowledged colonizers from certain adjoining Chittagong Division along with Bengal Presidency. This made the division of British Burma in 1937 from the Empire of India as it was a part of the British run-state in India. After the Second World War, the province was considered to be engaged through majestic and imposing Japan and the Allied Forces had enlightened Arakan during the Burma Campaign. This sustained to be an organizational division which was subsequent after the Burmese independence, and consequently, it became a province. Since the eighth century, the Arab merchants commenced certain specific proselytizer activities in southeast Asia and this speculated the Muslims use trade routes in the area to travel to India and China. Therefore, a southern branch of the silk road helped connecting India, Burma, and China since the Neolithic period. 

ROHINGYAS
Rohingya is said to be derived from the Arabic word, Rahm which means Mercy. Over time the word Rahm started to be called Rhohang and eventually to Rohingya. Some historians state that Rohingya used to describe the Ruha people who migrated from Afghan. The Arakan professedly a Buddhist state, it is believed that Islam reached Arakan in the 8th century when several Arab ships wrecked off the coast of Ramree island and the Muslim sailors were taken and, the king allotted a piece of land to settle. These people have retained their religion, language, and customs for more than 1000 years. Eventually, these Arab traders started to come in and trade with Arakan. This way, the Arakan kingdom started to occupy with Muslim population. Another phase where the influx of Muslims from Bengal started to move to Arakan happened in the 17th century. Under the rule of the Mughal emperor, political upheaval in India, between Aurangzeb and Shah Shuja, sons of Shah Jahan, made Shah Shuja to sought asylum in Arakan along with his entourage. The entourage of shah Shuja settled along with the earlier arrived Muslim community. In 1760, Chittagong was ceded by British East India and a few years later the first Anglo- Burmese war started in 1825, where the English occupied Arakan and made Akyab the capital. The Britishers predicted the region has wealthy fertile lands, so they started to encourage agriculture and started to send people from both the Hindus and Muslim communities of Chittagong. These are the stages where the Muslim population started to grow in Arakan. So the Rohingyas are not originated from a single race but the mixed diversity of other ethnic groups. During colonial rule, the Muslims in Arakan were positioned as ministers and judges. They were promised to give an autonomous state by the British, but couldn’t fulfill, and the state of Rohingya was left in limbo. And there was hatred started during the colonial period between the Buddhists and Rohingyas as the Buddhists were allied to japan were Rohingyas to British. In the years between the post-colonial Myanmar and before the uprising of the military coup, the Rohingyas were recognized as citizens and given the right to vote and full participation in politics. In the 1950s, Rohingya legislators elected to parliamentary and, in the 1960s, they were given the right to vote in the country election. The government of Myanmar regarded Rohingya as colonial and post-colonial migrants as they came from neighboring countries. Therefore the conflict characterized violence, led to the military crackdown. Rohingya conflated their history with that of the Arakan kingdom to advance to a separatist 

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