Roots of Modern Ethical Issues in Before Ethics Assignment

Assignment Task 

1) Eric Severson teaches philosophy at Seattle University and has published a book on “Before Ethics.”

Book abstract:

Beneath the manicured landscape of modern philosophy lie deeply rooted problems that continue to produce toxic fruit. The steady presence of racism, colonialism, sexism, ableism, and much more, are repeated reminders that we cannot make ethical decisions without rigorous deconstruction of the roots―the language, culture, and history we use to engage these problems.

Before Ethics is about the deep-seated assumptions and leanings that repeatedly influence the practice of ethical reasoning. Among the most dangerous of these is a passive disposition toward moral problems, a default of neutrality and innocence. Presented with a deluge of “choices” for decision-making, students hunt for the theory that affirms their prior suspicions rather than leads them to change. Through a series of excavations―of ideas, stories, cultures, practices, history, and language―this book prepares readers to think critically and deeply about the ideas they bring into ethical reasoning, and what roots might need to be ripped out.

Severson traces modern problems back to ancient origins, deconstructing the ethical leanings of Plato’s Meno, Homer’s Odyssey, the Old English poem Beowulf, the Indian classic text The Bhagavad Gita, the Jewish legend of the Golem, and dozens of other sources. For instance, the practice of American chattel slavery, and its devastating aftermath, does not appear in a vacuum―it is a manifestation of ancient ideas that are continually refashioned to support oppression in new times. The United States abolished slavery, plucking up a weed from its garden, but left in place the ideas, systems, and power structures that made slavery possible.

In seven related “digs,” Before Ethics excavates the roots of modern ethical theories alongside related moral & nbsp; problems. Severson writes with urgency; there is a great cost to passive, disengaged, neutral approaches to ethics. This book does not propose a new ethical theory, but instead relentlessly insists that ethics must address the taproots of today’s suffering. This is an impatient book. It abandons passivity and neutrality, and rushes toward ethics that work against racism, against oppression, and for justice.

2) Suzan Griffis Knowles & Diane K Fuller Switzer

Crisis Standards of Care Simulation: This paper details the development of a simulation experience to improve mastery of ethical decision making in the AG-ACNP including the table-top pilot, debriefing, and feedback from the current AG-ACNP pilot participant students.

4) Pejman Khadvi

The "artificial emotions, human dignity and AI" is the field of my research. So I study the "human dignity violations" when we use artificial intelligence.

The journal paper related to this (not published yet) is "Customer Service and the Impact of Using Machines to Substitute Humans on Human Dignity".

Research area: Artificial Emotions, Human Dignity, and AI

In 1976, Joseph Weizenbaum claimed that AI should not be used to eliminate human providers, when empathy is required. In certain applications, if we replace human providers with machines, people may feel being isolated and frustrated, which is a serious threat to human dignity. While artificial emotions are possible to mimic, having a real emotion and more specifically, a real empathy, is not possible. In fact, a real empathy is only possible when it is internalized which cannot be done by a machine. Human dignity is a value that every single human being has despite their race, nationality, social class, and other characteristics. Inclusion, safety, and acknowledgement are some of the essential factors of human dignity. When people need empathy and they are served by a machine, these essential factors can be violated easily. In my research, I am trying to address these issues from philosophical and technical perspectives.

Pejman Khadivi is an Assistant Professor of Computer Science at Seattle University. Dr. Khadivi's primary research interests are in the field of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analytics using large scale datasets, with emphasis time series analytics, deep learning, and information theory.

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