Ruminant Digestion - Reproduction Management Plan - KPIs - Rumen Degradable Protein - Undegraded Protein (UDP) - Health Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

1.The normal range of diets that ruminants eat all contain 18MJ of Gross Energy (GE/kgDM). They also consistently lose 18% of this energy in as methane, urine and in the feces leaving 14.5MJ/kgDM. They then lose between 28% and 85% of this energy depending on the quality of the feed.  This variable loss of energy is in the form of heat. Lower quality feeds to produce more heat due to the energy used during the additional cud-chewing, slower movement through the gut, and the less efficient microbial fermentation. 

The lower quality feed results in higher levels of acetate which is less efficiently utilized during metabolism by the end tissues and unless the animal is in extremely cold conditions (< -10 Celsius is still dry air) the additional heat generated is of no value to the animal.

a. Complete the ME column using the Facts and Figures book nutrition section, then calculate the heat loss and % energy lost for each feed.
 

b.For two of the feeds in the completed table, use the data to explain the effect of feed quality on the speed of digestion and production. 

2. Pasture grazing ruminants get most of their energy from either soluble carbohydrates, or cellulose and hemicellulose. Once the animal eats the pasture, these compounds undergo changes and are absorbed into the animal’s bloodstream as different VFAs.

a. Describe how a ruminant digests carbohydrates.  
     
b.Different VFAs are produced when feeding fresh leafy pasture vs mature stalky pasture. Name the VFAs produced by these pastures and describe their effect on production.

3. Protein digestion in ruminants is very different from most animals. Explain what happens to rumen degradable protein (RDP) and undegraded protein (UDP) once a ruminant eats it and where the protein is broken down and absorbed.

4.Using the pasture analysis report below, complete the following table.

5. For magnesium calculate how much magnesium oxide (MgO) per cow you would need to dust within wet conditions to fulfill the cow requirements.

State your farm system then record three KPIs that your farm currently focuses on and compare them to benchmarks or industry targets. 
1.Long Calving Time 12 Weeks. Focusing to reduce to 9 weeks

2. Too many clinical cases of mastitis ?After Calving

3. Cows BCS More than 6.0 on Calving Time ( This Year almost 15% of Herd BSC was 6.0 or More) 
 
2. Explain why these KPIs are considered important to your farm

1. A concentrated calving pattern Gives more time for all cows to cycle before the start of mating reducing the cost of treating non-cycling cows. Increases the potential number of AB bred high BW heifer calves. This also makes calf rearing easier because the required number of replacement heifer calves are all born within 3 to 4 weeks of the start of calving.  
 
So next year we going short mating period that is 7 weeks main Bull AI and 3 Weeks short distention Bull AI . with this plan we are expecting our empty rate high so we that's why we rearing more replacement 

2. Too many clinical cases are costly to the farm business and disrupt milking. High numbers of clinical cases may indicate problems with:

a. Preventing mastitis before calving

b. Preventing mastitis in lactation

c. Missing cases in the colostrum period 

d.Treating cases that did not meet the definition of a case requiring treatment.

We had a meeting with southland vat and this year we going to use Teat seal as well with dry off. Normally we only use dry off. 
 
3. Too fat is equally bad ?Although, in the past, BCS advice has predominantly focused on thin cows gaining BCS to meet targets at calving, a five-year research partnership between DairyNZ and AgResearch has highlighted that fat cows may be equally compromised. For example, 40 percent of mature cows that calved at BCS 5.5 showed signs of ketosis after calving, even when well fed. In comparison, none of the cows that calved at BCS 4.5 to 5 showed signs of ketosis. All of the research efforts point to an optimum BCS for mature cows of 5 and BCS 5.5 for first and second calvers. This year we going to change the feed diet of fat cows we ordered straw and we will use feed as feed calculator.

Reproduction Management Plan 
1. What is the farm breeding plan? 
 
2. Compare your farm’s historical performance KPI’s to benchmarks and targets and explain why the farm achieves at this level. 

3. Describe the strengths and weaknesses of your current herd and their ability to reach your performance targets. Consider genetic merit, age, breed, suitability to farm, etc  

4. Describe the herd replacement policy. ? Retain 15% of the highest BW heifer calves (>180BW) 
 
5. What are the risks to the mating plan?  What will be done if things vary from target?  
 
6. Analysis of current year results.  Compare target to actual results. Choose two of the results that varied from the target. Outline actions are taken in response. 

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