Sam and Bill`s Case Study - Nursing Assessment Answer

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Assessment Answer:

Case study: Sam
Sam, a 16-year-old, was brought in by ambulance after collapsing at a dance party at 0200 hours. Accompanied by her girlfriend, who states that Sam has been an IDDM since she was little, and had been complaining of frequency and burning when going to the bathroom.
Clinical assessment reveals:
 
RR Kussmauls breathing at 28 breaths/minute
SpO2 90% on supplemental oxygen
HR 140/min
Temp 37.8ºC
BGL records ‘Hi’, formal BGL 28 mmol/L
GCS 11 (E2, V4, M5)
Management includes:
15 L/min via a non-rebreather mask
IV normal saline stat
IV insulin titrated to BGL
IV 5% dextrose
IDC
CXR
Blood pathology, specifically K+

Case study: Bill
Bill, a 40-year-old, has had asthma since childhood. He has experienced many hospitalisations and required long-term oral steroids.
He presents to the emergency department (ED) with acute exacerbation of his asthma that he believes has been triggered by a known allergen. At home he increased his salbutamol with little effect. He is now anxious and agitated.
On presentation to the ED his clinical assessment reveals:
 
Noted use of accessory muscles
RR 36 breaths/minute
HR 150 beats/minute
BP 142/88 mmHg
Temperature 36.2oC
SpO2 88%
Height 170 cm
Weight 80 kg
Management in the ED includes:
Oxygen via a non-rebreather mask at 15 L/min
Salbutamol, ipratropium bromide via nebulise
IV hydrocortisone
Adrenaline via a nebuliser
Salbutamol as an intravenous infusion
IV normal saline at 100 mL/hour
Arterial blood gas analysis

Please complete parts A and B.
Part A refers to the case study ‘Sam’ and part B refers to the case study ‘Bill’.
Part A 

After reading Sam’s case, answer the following:
Review the role of glucose in cellular energy production
Analyse the basis of Sam’s cellular metabolic dysfunction and discuss the systemic impact of her acidosis
Explain how this pathophysiology manifests in Sam’s clinical status
Part B 
After reading Bill’s case, answer the following:
Analyse Bill’s Arterial Blood Gases and explain how depleted oxygen supply impacts on cellular energy production leading to loss of homeostasis
Explain the cellular and systemic effects of acid/base imbalance
Discuss the compensatory mechanism needed to reset Bill’s metabolic parameters in order to achieve a level of homeostasis

 

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