Highlights
Ben is a 13-year-old boy. He is a year older than his classmates, is 160 cm tall and weighs 80kg. He is new to Cityview Primary school this year. This is the fifth school Ben has attended over the past two years and the family appear to be transient. Ben is often seen arriving very early at school and consumes a can of coke and plain bread as he sits under a tree near the school gate. Ben does not seem to have a specific group of friends but, is happy to have a conversation with the occasional student who approaches him. Ben is always the last to leave school each day. He walks slowly home alone each day. Ben’s parents have not been seen at the school and do not attend the parent-teacher interviews or come to school events such as “parent’s day”. They did not attend the school assembly even when Ben received an award for having the best manners and being helpful in class.
Ben gets along with all his teachers and is very cooperative often asking for jobs he can do to help the teachers after school. Ben struggles with his schooling and appears to have limited supplies of writing books, pens and other necessities. At the beginning of the week, Ben is in a clean uniform, however, Ben’s uniform is rather soiled by the end of the week and he has strong body odour. It is now winter, and Ben does not have a school jumper. Ben was wearing an old, faded football supporter jersey however, he was told to remove it by one teacher as it did not meet the school uniform policy. Ben doesn’t participate in any school excursions or extra activities such as swimming which are held during school time. When asked by his teacher if he would like to join in, he says, “… no because I’m not really interested in those things…” Teachers have asked Ben if there is anything wrong at home and he simply replies, “No - I don’t want to talk about home” and does not offer any further information and usually walks away.
At lunchtime, Ben has a packet of chips, plain bread or biscuits that he has brought from home. Once or twice a week he has $2 and he buys some hot chips from the tuck-shop as that is all he can get with that amount of money. He eats his lunch under the tree and then moves to the seated area to watch the boys play soccer on the oval. Ben has spoken with chaplain on a few occasions over the past month. Ben came to school this past week with a soccer ball he received for his birthday. He has been practicing kicking and throwing the ball in the undercover area. Although he is a little clumsy, he has not missed a day of practice. After school when no one is around, he has been on the oval kicking the ball into the goals. A few girls came to him at lunchtime and asked if they could join in kicking the ball and the small group created a game between them. This week he has been involved in the same activity each day with the same children.
At Friday lunch time, four of the popular boys snatched the ball away. They called Ben several unkind names and teased the girls for playing with the “smelly retard”. The leader of the group refused to give the ball back. They told Ben to say the exact words “…please can I have the ball back so I won’t be a fat mamma’s boy”. Ben did as they asked, however, the boys filmed him on their mobile phone and continued to laugh. This resulted in Ben going up to the leader and pushing him to the ground. A teacher who observed Ben pushing the boy over sent Ben and the boys to the principal’s office.
Ben has been referred to you as the Community Centre RN because of concern for his wellbeing. The Community Centre is located next to the school and has a close association.
Scenario 2: Mary and Leu’s hospital stay
Mary (aged 45years) is currently in hospital with her 2-year-old son Leu (the name means a chain of water holes). Mary has lived all her life in a remote community called Meru in Far North Queensland as did her parents and many generations of her earlier family. The community is serviced by two registered nurses (RNs) who operate out of Meru Community Centre. The RNs are supported by the Royal Flying Doctor Service. Doctors provide clinics every two months during the dry season. Meru has its own airstrip for RFDS aircraft, delivery of mail and other essential items. Other than that, the community is self-sufficient with monthly deliveries of food items from Port City. There is no commercial air service or public transport.
Two months ago, Leu developed a high fever and was seen by RNs at the clinic. The situation rapidly escalated to a life-threatening situation and Leu and Mary were collected by the aero medical evacuation team from Big City and transported to the Children’s Specialist hospital (approximately 2500km from Meru). Leu required lifesaving medical attention and surgery which has resulted in the amputation of his right foot and three fingers on his right hand. It is one week after his surgery and Leu is recovering well enough to be moved out of ICU and into a general ward with discharge planned for two weeks’ time. It is anticipated that Leu and Mary will need to remain in Big City for a further two months while the full extent of Leu’s health and his rehabilitation is undertaken, and Mary can receive information on how to care for her son’s changed needs.
Mary is a confident lady and well respected in her community but is finding this new environment very challenging and overwhelming. She is fearful of the government departments that she is encountering. She does not know how to access financial or other types of personal assistance. Mary only has a small plastic bag of clothes for Leu and herself and she has been washing these in the Parent’s Lounge where she has been sleeping each night. She often cries at night but is worried about asking for help as she is scared someone will “take my boy away”. There are few familiar faces as staff change almost daily however, Mary has you as the RN working in the family centre with whom she has developed a rapport. Mary is asking you as the RN for information and is beginning to express her concerns. (See Journal article stimulus).
Some of Mary’s brothers, sisters, aunties, and uncles have taken the long journey (about 50 hours’ drive along unsealed roads) to Big City to be with Mary and Leu. They have brought special foods, remedies, and objects from their community to assist the family at this time. Mary has received information that her family is arriving, however, this creates joy and relief, but also additional worries. She does not know where they will be able to stay or how she will feed her family members.
Leu is a happy and content 2-year-old and is beginning to eat more solid foods and regain his strength. He seems happy in the presence of his mum but is fearful of strangers. When Mary leaves the room, he cries out for her and refuses to settle despite the nurses’ attention. The nurses have provided a basket of toys for his amusement and have downloaded age-appropriate children’s videos on the iPad for him to watch. Mary is leaving the hospital more and more often and is not able to be contacted as she does not have a mobile phone. The family are due to discharged from hospital in two weeks.
The hospital has planned for Mary to come and see you as the Connected Care Nurse at the Family Centre attached to the hospital.
Scenario 3: Hettie and Bob’s golden years
Hettie has lived in her current home with her husband Bob for the past 20 years. Bob is in his late 70’s and has early signs of dementia, however, is able to live at home with assistance from community nurses. Hettie?looks 70ish and is usually an?outgoing,?vibrant lady with glossy white hair,?sparkly eyes, and a welcoming smile.??Hettie?is well known in the small local community of Williamstown, particularly for her signature Audrey Hepburn oversized sunglasses and wide brimmed hats. Hettie?gets on well with her neighbours -?greeting them enthusiastically each day on her?morning?walk with Bob and their old fox terrier called Winston.
Over the?past three months, Hettie's previously?immaculately kept house?now looks like it could do?some tender loving care.?Some of?Hettie's?collection of rare?teapots that she was so proud of are reducing in number?and Bob's service medals are no longer in the display case.?Outside, the lawns?could do with?more regular?mowing but, are not overly long.?Her once well-tended?flower garden?has?vanished, and a solitary?rose?now pokes?up through a bed of weeds. A?window, broken?by a stray cricket ball from the boys?next door?has cardboard taped over it. It is the beginning of a long weekend and on Friday evening, Hettie’s?neighbours hear shouting and banging and Winston barking and howling. ?Hettie’s?son?Burt?has moved back home recently. The neighbours?"don't think much of him” and are worried he is causing trouble for his parents?but, being in their 70's are not sure if they should intervene?and don’t really know what to do.
After a few days of not sighting the couple for their usual morning walk over three-day weekend, neighbours become concerned and approach the community nurses on their arrival on the Monday for “a quick word…we really don’t want to go poking our noses into other people’s affairs but…”. The community’s concerns are raised with the nurses, who are advised that Burt is not currently home. The nurses thank them for their information.?When the nurses?enter the home,?they are?warmly greeted by?Hettie?but, when they?notice an upturned coffee table, they become concerned.?Hettie?exclaims, “Oh. Oh dear.?Oh, you nurses?are so kind. This is a bit embarrassing. It’s my husband, Bob.?He’s got a bit doddery,?ummm, he?fell over the side table and,?ummm,?started shouting at me because he forgot it was there and?…?well.... he?just needed to feel better about himself. It’s okay now. He’s calmed down now,?and I gave?him a nice cup of tea. It’s not his fault, no-one's?to blame.”?She invites the nurses?in to talk with him.?The nurses notice a?swelling above?Bob's right?eye. Noticing their concern, Bob states, "Oh don’t worry about that shiner,?I've?had worse in my day, guess I fell over the table again, that's what happened wasn't it Hettie?" While the nurses?are?talking with?Bob and?Hettie, the front door opens and a male voice shouts,?“You better have?morning tea?ready like I said you old cow”.?Hettie?is transformed.?She cowers, “That’s my son Burt, always playing games,” and she rushes to the kitchen. Burt?is about 6 feet tall, thickly built, and in his?mid-40s. He glares at the nurses?and places a carton of beer on the kitchen table saying,?“What’s happened?and why are you here today? ??Why are you early? I don’t like you coming when?I’m?not here.?Strangers just?worry?Mum and Dad.??As you can see, the?old man?fell?over again.?He had obviously been drinking. I’ll be out in the yard with the dog, so just do what you have to and then leave."??
As the visiting community nurses, you are required to analyse the situation and consider interventions.
Scenario 4: Darren and the dairy farm
Darren describes himself as “a country boy through and through”. He is fit and active and is managing the family dairy farm that he inherited from his father. He is 42 years of age and is a single dad. His sons are aged 5yrs and 7yrs and live with their mother in Wonderville - a rural township of 20 000 people approximately 300km from Darren’s dairy farm. The couple have been separated for two years and his estranged wife (Kirsty) has now filed for a divorce. Kirsty and Darren communicate often to arrange for the children to visit but, Darren now only sees his children every second weekend. The visits have become less and less since the boys have started school. Darren misses his sons. He had hoped the boys would grow up on the dairy farm as he had and eventually, take over the farm as has been the practice for generations.
Darren explained, “Kirsty was a city girl and never really took to the country life. It’s the reason why things went bad- you know once the novelty of black and white cows and haystacks sort of wore off and the reality of the 4 am daily starts because the cows need milking settled in. I think she thought it would be like “Babe” that kids’ movie or Farmer Wants a Wife reality show...we know it’s nothing like that at all mate!” he said to his long-time friend. He also confided that he “misses his children more and more, especially on birthdays, Christmas and Father’s Day.” He puts on his “brave macho face” when he Skypes his sons but, after the call he finds it difficult to control his emotions.
Darren’s Mother also lives on the farm and helps with the bookwork and does the cooking and housekeeping. The farm is not doing so well and is still seeing the impacts of three years of drought where they had to rely on expensive grain feeds. Last year, the exact opposite, as they experienced floods and then an outbreak of foot and mouth in the herd. This resulted in increased expenses including vet bills, quarantine fees and reduced milk production. Darren sought government assistance from the Farmer’s relief fund, but payments have now stopped. He says he is barely “keeping his head above water.” He was forced to take out a loan to replace the outdated milking equipment and now is behind in repayments. He joined the Dairy Farmers’ Cooperative where farmers sell their produce direct to outlets and that is beginning to bring some additional funds but, it will be a struggle for many years yet.
Darren has been confiding in his mate from a neighbouring farm- they have known each other since school. Darren’s friend had observed Darren looking more and more tired and not wanting to come into town on Fridays anymore or even try to catch a bit of fishing at the river as was their monthly habit. Darren’s friend noted that an insurance policy on the kitchen table with the section underlined about the policy being invalid in the event of suicide in the first 12 months. The policy is now 18 months old. Darren confided, “…great life… 42…living with Mum… no wife…no social life so no chance of any romance on the horizon for me… I’m broke… don’t see the boys nearly enough and I missed seeing their Christmas concert- it just didn’t fit in with the milking times…life’s not worth living at times…. Did I tell you Kirsty’s got herself a new man and the boys tell me he’s a really fun guy… well I knew it would happen and I can’t blame her at all.”
Darren is still maintaining his daily routine, however, finds it difficult to get out of bed each morning. Each night he sits with his mother having a cup of tea and cleaning his rifle. Afterwards, he takes his rifle goes out for a long walk with his blue healer dog. Most nights he shoots a few foxes as they are a threat to his cows. Even his mother has noticed a change in his behaviours, and she is encouraging him to go and talk to the doctor. “I’m ok Mum… we’ll be right… it’s just a rough patch that’s all… you and Dad managed and so will I. I’ve just got to stop feeling sorry for myself,” he replies to her suggestions. Hearing the shots ring out in the night, his mother is in a constant state of anxiety until she hears him coming back into the house.
After morning milking on the Friday, Darren and his mother are discussing the boys’ visit as they are coming for three days over the long weekend. She suggested having the neighbours and their children over for a BBQ and campfire like Darren used to do as a kid. This seems to have brightened up Darren’s spirits. He and his Mum start to write a list of supplies to get in town when he goes to collect the boys in the afternoon. “Why don’t you come too Mum and we’ll get it done faster to be home in time for milking? You don’t get out much either these days. When’s the last time you got yourself into town? What about we get going early and get afternoon tea as well? Something a bit fancy?”
As the community nurse, evaluate the situation and risk factors for someone of Darren’s profile. Consider relevant interventions.
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