Semantics Assignment

Assignment Task

Q1 Inferences

Please indicate which type of reasoning is required to understand the following implications

Q1.1

"John is dining at a restaurant" implies "John is eating out"

lexical inference

logical inference

pragmatic inference

Q1.2

"I like chocolate and other sweets" implies "I like chocolate"

 lexical inference

 logical inference

 pragmatic inference

Q1.3

If I say "Oh, I could really fancy some chocolate now" when I see chocolates on your desk, and you offer me some, what kind of inference did you draw?

 commonsense inference

 logical inference

 pragmatic inference

Q1.4

If I tell you that I have an exam coming up, and you tell me that I should study, what kind of inference did you draw?

 logical inference

lexical inference

 commonsense inference

Q2 Compositionality

Which of the following statements is implied by the Principle of Compositionality?

 the meaning of any word can be decomposed into smaller parts

the meaning of any word can be determined by understanding the contexts in which it appears

the meaning of any sentence depends on the meanings of its constituents

 the meaning of any sentence can be computed by a large language model

Q3 First-order logic

Which of the following sentences can be expressed in first-order logic?

 Sue did well in most of her classes

 This class has more graduate students than undergrads

 All my classes this semester have an exam

 Students must pass all of their classes to graduate.

Q4 More first-order logic

Which of the following formulas are a correct representation of "Every student takes a math class" ? (please select all answers that are correct, and no answer that is incorrect)

The following checkbox options contain math elements, so you may need to read them in your screen reader's “reading” or “browse” mode instead of “forms” or “focus” mode.

1. ∀ x [student( x )⟶∃ y [mathclass( y )∧takes( x , y )]]
2. ∀ x [student( x )⟶∃ y [mathclass( y )⟶takes( x , y )]]
3. ∃ y [mathclass( y )∧∀ x [student( x )⟶takes( x , y )]]
4. ∃ y [mathclass( y )⟶∀ x [student( x )∧takes( x , y )]]

Q5 CCG semantics

Which of the following is a correct CCG rule (with syntax and semantics)?

The following multiple-choice options contain math elements, so you may need to read them in your screen reader's “reading” or “browse” mode instead of “forms” or “focus” mode.

 S/NP: λx . f ( x ) NP: a ⟶NP: f ( a )

 NP: a S/NP: λx . f ( x )⟶S: f ( a )

NP: a S\NP: λx . f ( x )⟶S: f ( a )

fNP: λx . f ( x ) S\NP: a ⟶S: f ( a )

Q6 More on CCG

What is the correct category and semantic interpretation of " gives " in the sentence "John gives Mary flowers"

The following multiple-choice options contain math elements, so you may need to read them in your screen reader's “reading” or “browse” mode instead of “forms” or “focus” mode.

 gives: (x,y,z) ( S \ NP )/ NP : λz . λy . λx gives ( x , y , z )

 gives: (x,y,z) (( S \ NP )/ NP )/ NP : λz . λy . λx gives ( x , y , z )

 gives: (x,y) (( S / NP )/ NP )/ NP : λy . λx gives ( x , y )

 gives: (x,y,z) (( S \ NP )/ NP )/ NP : λzλy . λx . λu . gives ( x , y , z )

Q7 Thematic roles

In which of these sentences is John the agent of the bolded verb? Remember that an agent is the volitional causer of an event.

Mary helped John load his car

The car was loaded by John

John loves chocolate

John was spotted by Mary

Q8 Thematic grids

Consider the following sentences that describe the same event:

Sue hit the Camry with her Tesla The Tesla hit another car A pedestrian was hit by a Tesla

What thematic roles does Tesla have in these sentences:

 It has a different role in each sentence

It is the Theme in each sentence

 It is the Object in each sentence

 It is the Instrument in each sentence

Q9 Propbank roles

In which of the following sentences should "yesterday" be labeled "ARG-M-TMP" (temporal modifier)

He was singing Yesterday at full volume

Yesterday was a great day

I had proposed yesterday for our meeting

We met each other yesterday

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