Snake Bite Envenomation is a Common Medical Emergency - Nursing Assignment help

Assignment Task:

Abstract
The study was performed to talk about snakebite is common in Australia. Diagnosis of a toxic snake bite is important for patient and can produce different symptoms . This study aims to characterize the infection of Shewanella infection in bite wounds.

Background 
Snake bite envenomation is a common medical emergency in the topics. and it will cause the tissue damage and further infection or dieases. The bite site may be painful, swollen or bruised. As many as 30.8% of snake bite victims suffer  wound infections. 
The patient is being bite in the juggle in the afternoon ,base on situation of wound ,it should be a brown snakebite. The initial blood test and  venom  detection kit should be taken to  indicate a diagnosis of thrombotic microgliopathy as well as assist in degerming the appropriate antivenom for patient. Also, the snakebite wounds cause shewanella infection.

Case presentation 
A 23-years-old man was bitten on the leg by a brown snake and presented to the hospital . The species was accurately identified by the doctor because found haemotoxin in his blood. He sustained the bite to his left leg around 3pm and presented to hospital at 9 pm. On admission he was conscious and rational.  He complaining of serve pain and breathe difficulty and the redness and keep on bleeding . Evidence of the bites marks on skin. He mentioned he receive first aid treatment of bandage for the bite.

On examination, his higher functions were intact. His pulse rate was 79 per minute with blood pressure of 120/72 mmHg and the rest of the cardiovascular system examination was unremarkable.   

Local examination of his left leg showed edema ,redness , hotness swelling and two insertion with dark tissues around which means the signs of inflammation and necrosis of the tissue, also insertion of biting animal.  (3)Cleaning of the bite site was done , blood test for beside test of ABG and RBG .  At the same time, the patient was admitted to have therapy and continuous monitoring and vascular surgery consultation were done to the swelling and tissue necrosis in the affected area. snake venom detection kit should be used on a bite site swab, to show the shake is not from Victoria period.  Then , Anti-edema and antacids  were given. (3)The polyvalent snake antivenin were given by intravenous infusion with short acting corticosteroid and an antihistaminic infusion in intravenous line. Edema was detected in a swelling in the left leg. His whole blood clotting time was less than 15 minutes .His renal functions and transaminases were whitin the normal limits and prothrombin time was 11 seconds 
.Full routine laboratory testing was done ,to make sure no toxin is spread though the body . Leg x-xay is also taken to ensure  the interal oragan is not being infected.  However, the patient still feel pain and low blood pressure and the more extension of the swelling in the patient left leg.  More antivenin were injected . After 2 days, the bite site was found shewanella infection which is a kind of bacterial infection. The most common clinical syndrome caused by Shewanella is an infection of the skin and soft tissue(4). According to the data of antimicrobial susceptibility data for shewaneella isolates  is high , so the initial therapy for shewanella infection could include a fluoroquinolnes are effective against other common pathogens associated snake bites. (5)  After few days contiouns monitoring the patient  fully conscious and stable vital signs and not feel pain at this stage. 

DISCUSSION
In fact, snake bite is not a public health problem, most of the people do not know how to handle and treat .This result the delay in diagnosis and treatment which leading the presence of complication.

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