SOCI-2030: What are Hickel’s Main Objections to the Use of The $1.90 USD to Measure Progress - Management Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

Task:

Instructions
There are four questions to complete in this assignment. Question 1 has a choice – just complete one of these options for the respective questions.
Start a new page for each question. Please type all your answers.
You must write your answers in your own words. Please avoid inappropriately paraphrasing texts in your answers (much better to use quoted material or completely rewrite the content in your own words).
You can submit via Turnitin under the tab for Assignment.
At the end of your Assignment, please include details of any additional references used. I will discuss the use of research materials in class. Most questions require doing the set reading/s; but some options require your own research adventures.

Question 1 (7 marks – around 500 words)
EITHER
Let’s go global!
We start by considering criticisms of the World Bank’s $1.90 USD a day (at purchasing power parity) threshold for counting global ‘absolute’ poverty. Please note that the Bank itself is aware of the limitations of this measure when used to make public policy.
What are Hickel’s main objections to the use of the $1.90 USD to measure progress in the world’s poverty levels? (2 marks). See his Blog posts here and here and here.
Read through the World Bank’s own efforts (here) to look beyond monetary measurements here. Briefly explain why they want a ‘multidimensional measure’ of absolute poverty. (2 marks)
Look over Tables 1.1 and 1.2 on p 44. In general terms, how do the monetary and multidimensional estimates of poverty compare? If you are having trouble following these Tables, just focus on the ‘head count’ statistics. (2 marks)
The United Nations has advanced a set of Sustainable Development Goals. See here. What goal does the UN propose for ‘extreme’ poverty globally and what has been the effect of the pandemic so far? (1 mark). (NB: You might also refer to pp 33-37 in the report linked above in (ii))
OR
What is meant by the social gradient of health and what kind of health problems are more common for people on lower incomes? You might refer to material available here, here, and here in developing your response. (3 marks)
Why does a universal health insurance scheme, like Medicare, help reduce class inequalities in access to health care? What would be the problem of making health insurance voluntary and provided by the private market only? (2 marks)
The Labor Party introduced Medicare in 1984 after reaching agreement with the Australian Council of Trade Unions about the need to introduce universal health insurance. Why would unions be interested in universal health care and how can the development of Medicare be explained by a ‘power resources’ approach to understanding welfare states? (2 marks)

Question 2 (6 marks – about 500 words)
Briefly define food insecurity and explain how it is measured (2 marks). As starting points, see here and here.
What is the incidence of food insecurity in Australia today? How does that incidence compare to the Australian poverty rate measured either in HILDA reports or the OECD? (2 marks)
Briefly explain the US system of welfare provision in the form of food stamps or the SNAP program—a policy that President Biden recently expanded through an Executive Order. What problems with income support provision does the United States have (that Australia doesn’t) that makes food stamps more important to US anti-poverty measures? (2 marks)
Question 3 (7 marks – about 500 words)
Briefly explain how the Henderson poverty line is calculated and how it differs from measures of relative poverty that rely on, for example, a 50% of median incomes cutoff point. (2 marks)
Look at the list of income support payments and Henderson poverty lines for December 2020 in Table 4 here. (Note that some benefits still included a coronavirus supplement that is no longer paid.) Which group of Australians remain in poverty after these higher weekly benefits were paid? What additional problems might this group face living, for example, in Sydney or Melbourne? (2 marks)
Despite considerable pressure, the Morrison Government made only minor improvements to the Jobseeker (unemployment) base payment in 2021. What does the evidence about temporarily higher welfare payments from Australia (see here) and the United States (see here) in 2020 suggest about the benefits of greater generosity? (3 marks)
Update 5/9
If you can’t access The New York Times article, it is available through the Library.Search for the New York Times, click the online version and then choose 'E Journals'Type this into the search engine: ‘Pandemic Aid Programs Spur a Record Drop in Poverty’(Sometimes students can get access to the paper for the first time without encountering the paywall)
Continues next page….
Question 4 (5 marks – 400 words)

• Read Herbert Gans’s 1972 article ‘The Positive Functions of Poverty’ in the American Journal of Sociology. The article will be 50 years old next year, with the expression and references reflecting the style and approach of a different time.
• Outline Gans’s main claims about the social ‘role’ of poverty. Your answer should explain clearly what Gans means by the ‘positive functions’ of poverty, outline the main themes in Gans’s assessment, and also say whether his analysis is still relevant today. (3 marks)
• Why is his argument still shocking to discussion and debate about the causes of poverty? (2 marks)
   

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