Social Determinants of Health - Gender, Depression and Levels of Intervention - Nursing Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

Introduction: Intimate partner violence and depression 

Intimate partner violence is widespread in Australia; according to the Personal Safety Survey, Australia, 2005, 15% of Australian women have experienced physical or sexual violence from a previous intimate partner (Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS], 2006). The phrase ‘intimate partner violence’ refers to physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner or spouse (Saltzman, 2002). It may occur in heterosexual or same sex couples, although the vast majority of victims are female (ABS, 2006). Intimate partner violence leads to a multitude of physical, mental and reproductive problems. In particular, intimate partner violence can lead to symptoms of depression in the victim (Black, 2011). 

This essay looks at a public health intervention designed to prevent intimate partner violence by targeting dating violence in an adolescent population. I will discuss how this intervention fits into a socio-environmental, primary prevention approach, and the evidence supporting the intervention. 

Public Health Intervention: Date Safely 

One way to tackle the growing problem of female depression rates is to consider both the causes of depression, and ways of preventing these triggers. Intimate partner violence is one of those causes. 

Foshee developed a program in the United States entitled ‘Safe Dates’, which is an intervention aimed at preventing dating violence (Foshee, 2005). Foshee argued that the prevention of dating violence is preventive of intimate partner violence in later life (Smith, White & Holland, 2003; Foshee, Reyes & Wyckoff, 2009). The intervention outlined in this essay is based on the ‘Safe Dates’ program. It has not been trialled in Australia. 

The ‘Date Safely’ intervention is a school-based violence prevention program aimed at a target population of high school students. Its primary aim is to prevent dating violence, which includes the physical, psychological and sexual abuse that sometimes occurs between students who are in a ‘dating relationship’ (Foshee, 2005). It does this by attempting to achieve certain goals, including changing the standard adolescent views on dating violence and gender-roles, providing students with positive skills for conflict resolution, encouraging victims and perpetrators to seek help, and arming peers with skills to help victims and perpetrators. 

The ‘Date Safely’ program involves running seven classes at high schools, which cover specific curriculum aimed at meeting the goals set out above in a way that is accessible to high school students. There is a debate and poster competition at the end of the program, which allows for reinforcement of the curriculum. The classes are run by either trained educators or regular school teachers (who receive formal training). 

The topics of the classes are: 

- What is a caring relationship?

- What is dating violence?

- Why do people abuse?

- Helping peers

- Refuting gender stereotypes

- Anger management strategies

- Communication skills and conflict resolution strategies 

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