STAT6200: Statistics for Public Health

STAT6200 Assessment 2 – Statistics Interpretation Report Paper Excerpts for Interpretation

Paper 1:

Read the Bener et al. (2012) and answer the following questions:

1. What is the source of the sample and data collection instrument used in the study?

2. From Table 1, define the mean age variation of the sample and range? Does the mean age vary between two groups of postpartum depression (PPD)? Justify (alpha 0.05).

3. From Table 2, define the non-significant variables of stressful life events associated with postpartum depression (report with p-value). Calculate the proportion of participants having family history of depression and no PPD (EPDS score <12>

4. From Table 3, what inferential test statistic is applicable to assess the association between premature baby in ICU and PPD? Why? Is it a parametric or non-parametric test? Explain briefly.

5. From Table 4, define the hypothesis considering the two variables: poor family support and PPD. Explain the association of poor family support with PPD based on 95% confidence interval (CI). What is your decision about the hypothesis?

Paper 2:

Read the Tayyem et al. (2020) paper and answer the following questions:

1. What is the source of the sample for cases and controls in the study? What was the name of the instrument used in the assessment of dietary intake?

2. From Tables 1a and 1b, briefly explain the mean age variation of fruits (left side data in the table) and vegetables consumption (right side data in the table) for males (Table 1a) and females (Table 1b) in reference to the alpha value of ? 0.05.

How much is the range for mean wait circumference for male population who consume ??4 serves of fruits per day?

3. From Table 2, how can you justify that the most effective intervention was consumption of 3 servings of vegetables per day. Provide confidence intervals (CI) and p-values to support your answer.

4. In Tables 3 and 4, the frequency of consumption of different fruits and vegetables were classified into different categories. What inferential test statistics were used to measure the differences among categorical variables? Is it a parametric or non-parametric test? Explain briefly.

5. Looking at Table 3, define your null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis considering variables between banana consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease. Explain the association between banana consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease particularly focusing on 1–2 and 3–6 servings/week consumption based on 95% CI and the decision about hypothesis.

STAT6200_Assessment 2_Statistics Interpretation Report_Paper Excerpts Page 1 of 2

Paper 3:

Read the Yoshino et al. (2022) paper and answer the following questions:

1. Describe the source of the sample for this study? Which standardised data collection instrument was used?

2. From Table 1, identify one variable which was collected as a continuous variable but was also presented as a categorical variable. Explain how this was done. Give another example of a variable (not necessarily from the paper) wherein you can do the same process.

3. From Table 3, what inferential statistical test is applicable to assess the association between smoking status and sex? What are the assumptions for this test? What alternative test would you use if your sample size was smaller?

4. What type of graphical representation is shown in Figure 2? Describe the distribution shown in this graph. Which is the appropriate measure of central tendency for this distribution? Why? Which statistical test that was used in this study can confirm the distribution in this graph?

5. From Table 5, what main groups were compared with each other? What statistical test was used to determine whether there was a significant difference between the groups? Justify why this statistical test was appropriate. Interpret the significant findings from this table.

Paper 4:

Read the Abebe et al. (2022) paper and answer the following questions:

1. From Table 2, what is the proportion of participants using insulin (with or without oral hypoglycemic drugs)? What is the proportion of participants with non-normal body mass index (BMI)? Show your solution and report your answers up to two decimal places.

2. What variables were presented in Figure 2? Which type of graphical representation was used to display the variables? Why was this graph appropriate? What are the main findings from Figure 2?

3. From Table 3, what main groups were compared with each other? What statistical test was used to determine whether there was a significant difference between the groups? Explain the reason why BMI was reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD), while the rest were reported as median and inter-quartile range (IQR)?

4. From Table 4, which variables were tested for association with each other? Which statistical test was used to get the results? Explain why such statistical test was used for the analysis. Interpret the given results briefly.

5. What inferential statistical test was used to produce the analysis in Table 5? Interpret the significant findings from this table (report with the adjusted odds ratios and p-values). (Note: There is a formatting error in this table and the last three rows need to be moved to the right. “Glycemic control” refers to the last two rows.)

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