Sustainable Transport in Rural Tourism - Report Writing Management Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

ABSTRACT

Transport policy agendas have long sought to bring about more sustainable transport at tourism destinations. Whilst there are examples of successes, it remains unclear what inroads have been made towards creating a sustainable transport future. Policy directions have evolved over a number of years and in many tourism destination contexts, it is far from clear what a desirable transport future looks like. When translated to implementation, the aims of initiatives can be unclear and baseline measures inconsistent, making success difficult to judge. This paper analyses how sustainable travel has been implemented in practice at a destination level. The focus is rural tourism and data are derived from a specific case, the New Forest National Park, UK, where a wide range of transport initiatives have been implemented since the Park’s designation in 2005. The study adopts a social practice theory perspective. Data are derived from a visitor survey, interviews and observations. It finds there is scope to improve sustainable transport provision at destinations through understanding visitor practices, but limited scope to influence meanings associated with visitor travel and travel skills. Policy meets the needs of some visitors more than others.

Introduction

The potential for motorised transport to detract from the rural tourism experience was identified well before the concepts of sustainable development and sustainable travel. For example, in the UK, the Dower committee cited visitor traffic as a key issue impacting on “landscape beauty”, “peace and quiet” and “enjoyment” (Dower, 1945, p. 25 in Cullinane, 1997), recommending restraint on traffic growth in national parks (Cullinane, 1997). Since these early warnings, the volume of traffic in protected landscape amenity areas across the globe has grown rapidly (Holding, 2001) aligned with dramatic increases in road traffic, though now abating (Lyons, 2016), increasing leisure time (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2010) and affluence (Paulley et al., 2006). As a consequence, data indicates 80% of all day visits to the UK countryside are made by car (TNS, 2016).

An interventionist policy approach has been adopted to address traffic volumes in rural destinations and to encourage a modal switch by visitors from car to “more sustainable” modes of transport. Policy emphasis has changed over time from congestion and intrusion to place a greater emphasis on reducing greenhouse gas emissions (World Economic Forum, 2009). The sustainable development discourse embraced by transport policy is generally aligned to safeguarding long-term ecological systems (Beunen, Regnerus, & Jaarsma, 2008) and less towards social equity agendas that are often prevalent in utility transport contexts (Lucas, 2012). There have been several calls for more equity in leisure travel opportunities (for example, Dubois & Ceron, 2006; Holden, 2007; Høyer, 2000) and the UK Government seeks to support National Park Authorities in removing transport barriers to access (Defra [Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs], 2016).

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