Highlights
Recruiting Foster Carers: Barriers and Strengths
There is a steady increase in the number of Australian children requiring out of home care placements and the number of foster carers available to facilitate these, is declining. There are several themes within the current literature which are relevant to the recruitment and retention of foster carers to meet these presently increasing needs:
(1) barriers which potential and existing foster carers face,
(2) barriers agencies experience in the recruitment process and
(3) the strengths and characteristics which foster carers exhibit resulting in positive outcomes and permanency of care.
Barriers for Foster Carers
As a result of the chronic need for foster carers, agencies have turned to research to gain a better understanding of the barriers which prevent individuals, potential foster carers and existing foster carers from not engaging in or pulling out of the process. Sullivan et al.’s longitudinal study identified a lack of adequate training and support from professionals as a key barrier to the recruitment of new foster carers (Sullivan, Collins- Camargo and Murphy, 2014) and these barriers are widely acknowledged throughout recent literature. Research has found that a lack of training reduces the ability for carers to support children’s mental health (Murray, Tarren-Sweeney and France, 2011), manage complex behavioural and emotional challenges (Sullivan, Collins-Camargo and Murphy, 2014) and support developmental trauma (Shuker and Pearce, 2019; Shuker, 2012). However, there is evidence that when training is effective, carers are more able to maintain permanency and report a greater experience of foster caring (Esaki, Ahn and Gregory, 2012). Unfortunately, much of the current research neglects to include participants who are not already foster carers, focussing largely on those who are. However, Ahna et al.’s study attributed several reasons for existing foster carers exiting the system which should be considered in the recruitment process.
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