Symptomatology, Diagnosis & Pathology A - Leonard - Zara Case Study - Nursing Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

Disorders of Skin Integrity and Function – Case Study (10 marks) 

Leonard works in the agriculture industry and raises beef cattle. At 60 years of age, he’s spent most of his life working outdoors harvesting hay and tending to his herds. His wife was the first to notice a change in his skin. One day, after taking off his shirt, she noticed a significant change in the mole he had on his right shoulder. It was not only darker but was moist and appeared to have been bleeding at one point. Surrounding the mole his skin was red. His wife remembered hearing stories of Leonard working on his father's farm, spending long hours out in the hot sun even though his father had gone into the barn to work during the hottest part of the day. She insisted he go to the family physician to have it examined. 

I. Leonard's physician performed a biopsy on the lesion and told Leonard he suspected the growth may be malignant melanoma. What cells are affected in this form of skin cancer? How might his childhood exposures to the sun predispose him to this form of cancer? (50 - 100 words, 3 marks) 

II. How do UVA and UVB rays contribute to the process of oncogenesis in skin cells? (50 -100 words, 3 marks) 

III. The mole on Leonard's shoulder was a nevocellular nevus. Explain the cellular composition and appearance of this type of mole before it underwent malignant change. (60 -150 words, 4 marks) 

Innate and Adaptive Immunity (10 marks) 

Zara is a 16-year-old high school student. During the past week, she had been feeling tired and had found it difficult to stay awake in class. By the time the weekend had arrived, she developed a sore throat that made it difficult to eat and even drink. Zara was too tired to get out of bed, and she said her head ached. On Monday morning, her mother took her to her doctor. Upon completing the physical exam, he told Zara the lymph nodes were enlarged in her neck and she had a fever. He ordered blood tests and told Zara he thought she had mononucleosis, a viral infection requiring much bed rest. 

1. Innate and adaptive immune defences work collectively in destroying invasive microorganisms. Describe the interaction between macrophages and T lymphocytes during the presentation of antigen. (50 - 100 words, 3 marks) 

2. Describe the pathogenesis of Zara’s illness and state the causative virus. (50 - 100 words, 3 marks) 

3. Outline the disease course for Infectious Mononucleosis including the – incubation period, prodromal stage, acute stage and convalescent stage and possible complications. (4 marks) 

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