Test a Hypothesis Related to a Learning Challenge - Science Assignment Help

Assignment Task

Effective Reasoning
Using a logical scientific reasoning process to develop and test a hypothesis related to a learning challenge.
 

Key Method
A five-step reasoning model (“scientific reasoning”) can be applied to any question, problem, claim, or theory to determine how well the evidence supports an answer, solution, position, or theory.

Method Components
As students undertake an activity, the educator leads them through the five-step model of effective reasoning to improve lucidity and logical development of thought. Each step can be conducted individually, in small groups, or in whole-group instruction.

Five steps of effective reasoning
Explore the challenge: Consider a wide range of possible answers, solutions, positions, or theories that could be the “right” response to the challenge, question, problem, issue or theory (see the Idea Generating and Choosing Learning Strategies micro-credentials). Suggested activities include:
- Discuss similar types of questions, problems, positions, or theories from the past, what happened, and whether these results are useful to your own challenge.
- Brainstorm multiple possibilities and alternative ways of looking at the challenge (not an “either/or ” approach but a “both, and many more” view of potential responses to the challenge) and list these different approaches (see the Idea Generating micro-credential).

Formulate a hypothesis: Generate a potential answer, solution, position, or theory that can be tested to see whether the collected evidence confirms or disproves the hypothesis (see the Productive Researching micro-credential). Suggested activities include:
- Research what answers, solutions, positions, or theories others have come up with for similar challenges in the past.
- Look for information that might disprove your early hunches about the “right” solution.
- Look for statistics that support or contradict your current best hypothesis.

Research and test a hypothesis: Use online resources, experts, experiments, prototyped solutions, observations, surveys, and other tools and record all the evidence that supports or refutes the hypothesis. Suggested activities include:
- If the challenge is a question, research what experts have to say about your hypothesis (see the Crafting Driving Questions micro-credential).
- If the challenge is a problem, research how others have solved the problem before coming up with your own solution, then prototype a model or small version of your solution (see the Design Thinking & Doing and the Designing Effective Solutions micro-credentials).
- If the challenge is an issue in a debate or argument, research the strongest evidence to both support and refute your position (see the Evidence-backed Positions micro-credential).
- If the challenge is creating a theory of how something works (or doesn’t), devise an experiment whose outcome can prove or disprove the theory.
- Make sure to record all the evidence you gather so you can evaluate it in the next step.

Evaluate the results: Summarize the case for a well-supported answer, solution, argument position, or theory, or come up with a new hypothesis based on the evidence and repeat the process. Suggested activities include:
- Use a three-column chart to list supporting evidence in favor of the hypothesis, opposing evidence that refutes the hypothesis, and neutral evidence that neither supports nor refutes the hypothesis, but is related and interesting.
- Decide what further evidence is needed to more convincingly confirm or deny the hypothesis and collect this evidence.
- Summarize your results, present them to others, and get constructive feedback.

Reviewing: Reflect on what was learned from the reasoning process and identify what can be done to make the process better the next time. Suggested activities include:
- Discuss what went well and what didn’t.
- Discuss what could be done better the next time you’re confronted with an important challenge to tackle.

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