The Acids and Indicators from Strongest to Weakest Assignment

Assignment Task

1. Background and Procedure:

   According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, an acid is a proton donor, while a base is a proton acceptor.

   Any two acids will react such that the stronger of the two will act as the acid, causing the other to act as the base.

   This lab involves acid-base indicators; weak acids that are a different colour when in an acid or basic solution.

   The base form of the indicator is the colour it takes on when in an acid stronger than it is.

   The acid form of the indicator is the colour it takes on when in an acid weaker than it is.

   You are given 6 solutions that contain acids of varying strengths. These are reacted with indicators which also have strengths that vary. You wind up with a table that records the colours that result. One other difference is that you have the reaction of the indicators with HCl, an acid stronger than any from the experiment and with NaOH, an acid weaker than any from the experiment. These provide a reference point for the experiment.

   Click on the next page to see the results. If you have a colour printer, print it off to use at your leisure. If you can't print it in colour then you will have to sort things out on-line.

   Instructions:

   Your job is to use the results from this table to produce a list of the acids and indicators, ranked from strongest to weakest.

   Follow these steps:

   1.   Make up a table for each indicator, excluding the thymol blue and the universal indicator. You will make 5 tables. The tables will look like this example for a fictitious.

   ACIDS	HIn6	ACID or BASE	Relative Strength
   HA1
   HA2
   HA3
   HA4
   HA5
   HA6

         From your results, fill in each box with a statement about the relative strengths of the two acids involved.

Now, do it for the data you are given to get one overall list, ranking the acids and indicators from strongest to weakest.

2.   The five indicators used in this experiment are:

• • bromcresol green
  • bromthymol blue
  • orange IV
  • indigo carmine
  • thymolphthalein

Use a resource to find out the pH range over which the colour change occurs. Use this data and the list from question 2 to find the identity of each of the indicators from the experiment. The indicator that changes colour at the lowest pH is the strongest acid, the one that changes at the highest pH is the weakest.

3.   Use the information from question 3 and the list from question 2 to determine the approximate pH of each of the acids in the experiment. Use whole numbers only. For instance, if an acid is between two indicators, one that changes around pH 4 and another that changes around pH 6, the acid probably has a pH around 5.
4.   What did you notice that is unusual about thymol blue? Look up the pH that thymol blue changes colour and suggest a reason for this.
5.   The universal indicator has different colours over the range of pH's used in this experiment. You can see how useful how this would be, if we knew what colour correlates to each pH. From a reference, find out the composition of a universal indicator (this is a chemical recipe, not cooked vegetables). Give the name of the indicator, its recipe (including amounts) and the colours at each pH from 1 to 14.

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