The Biology of Use and Disuse Report Writing - Arts and Humanities Assignment Help

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Statements about use have histories of use. "Form follows function" is such a statement. It is a statement of use that is so well used that it can be hard to think of it as having its own history, its own story of coming into use. Of course, it has such a history. The statement was first used by the architect Louis Sullivan in 1896. We might assume that "form follows function" implies a normative commitment as a principle of de-sign: that form should follow function; how a building is built should be determined by the function of that building. However, in making this statement. Sullivan was in fact describing what he called simply "the law," that in life, form follows function; indeed, form ever follows function. 
The idea that form follows function is a natural law is a commitment to a principle: that use and life are entangled. Use is anted as a gen-erative or life pnnaple, that is, as a principle that shapes the very forms of life. We might describe such forms of life as biology. The word biol-ogy is used for the study for living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, identification, and taxonomy. As Sarah Franklin has noted, biology can refer to both a "body of au-thoritative knowledge (as in the science of reproductive biology) and a set of phenomena" (zoo; 303). Biology can thus refer both to studies of living organisms and to the living organisms themselves. It is notewor-thy how early studies of living organisms made use of use to explain a set of phenomena. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, the first scholar to use the word biology in a scientific sense, describes the laws of use and disuse as 'laws of nature which are always verified by observation" (11809) 1914, 113).' This primacy is pedagogy: biology and use coevolved right from the beginning. In this chapter, I compare how Lamarck and Darwin made use of use in their explanation of the origin of species. Why this comparison? I noted in my introduction to this book that use is a much-used word: if we follow the word, we would end up all over the place. But when use is used in order to explain phenomena, use is being channeled in specific directions. Comparing Laniard( and Darwin's uses of use provides a way of zooming in, allowing me to explore what use is doing when exercised as a conceptual tool. A comparison between Lamarck and Darwin provides a particularly effective case study of the uses of use because the differ-ences and similarities between them have already been framed in these terms. For example, Ernst Mayr counted the number of times Darwin evokes "use and disuse" in The Origin of Species as a way of demonstrating the extent of Lamardc's influence on Darwin (Mayr 1972, 78).' That the relation between two scholars can be decided by counting the number 
 

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