The Burden of Disease Data for Selected Population, Policies, Plans In Internal And External Environment & Clinical Services Development - Nursing Assignment Help

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Introduction:
Sydney is the capital city of North-South Wales. It is located on the east coast of Australia. Sydney has the most population. The population of Sydney was recorded at 5,312,163 latest. There are about 8 different local health districts that are covered in Sydney whereas others are rural and regional. Metropolitan local health districts include; Central Coast, Illawarra Shoalhaven, Nepean Blue Mountains, Northern Sydney, South Eastern Sydney, South Western Sydney, Sydney, Western Sydney. Rural and regional NSW local health districts include; Far West, Hunter New England, Mid North Coast, Murrumbidgee, Northern NSW, Southern NSW, Western NSW. There are different functions that are performed by each of LHD. The key functions that are performed by the LHD are: 
Clinical governance includes; Clinical governance and patient safety management, Clinical risk management, Clinical incident investigation and reporting, Patient complaints management.
Operational Performance Management; Negotiation of the LHD's annual service agreement with the State, Operational performance management, Performance reporting, Emergency Department access, Predictable Surgery Program, and patient-flow management.
Clinical Services Development and Coordination; Clinical services development and networking with the LHD, Disaster response, Designated supra LHD clinical roles (e.g., transfers to higher-level care, trauma center, ICU retrieval), Designated state-wide clinical services
Financial Management; Budget allocation within the LHD, Finance and budget management, Revenue generation and management, Cash and liquidity management, LHD financial management reporting, Salary packaging marketing, Clinical product procurement advice
Nursing and Midwifery; Nursing services management and deployment
Corporate Governance and Administration; Local Health District Board secretariat services, Corporate governance, Risk management, Policy and standards management, Ministerial services, Records management, Internal audit (contract services from CSC), Site and engineering services, Fleet management.
NSW continually strives to provide a better healthcare system to the community. For that matter, NSW strives to research more and embed better strategies for the LHD. The aim of the NSW for LHD for the year 2020 and 2021 is to approach all the remote and rural and district areas and design strategies that cater to the needs of the communities where that are more in remote areas. The strategy that NSW tries to follow for LHD Sydney is Right care, at the right time at the right place. The objective to this report is mainly to develop a better understanding of the research capacity across all the seven LHD of NSW. In this report, an environmental scan of Sydney’s LHD will be done in detail. In the next sections of this report, all the details about the environmental scan will be discussed. 
Relevant issues:
NSW is striving to achieve good research for LHD as part of its strategy and is strive it for the past few years. Currently, in NSW, there are no remote and rural research hubs and they are not going to be achieved in near future because of the World pandemic situation. However, virtual research hubs have been made. 
Policies and Plans in Internal and external environment:
In NSW, under Section 9 of the Health Services Act 1997, LHDs are responsible for providing care and treatment to individuals, as well as promoting, protecting, and maintaining the health of the community. Section 10(m) of the Act identifies that one of the functions of LHDs is to ‘undertake research and development relevant to the provision of health services’. Rural LHDs are responsible for the provision of quality, cost-efficient health care services, improving health outcomes in the community, and establishing a strategic framework for research that is relevant to rural communities. Strategic plans are at varying levels of development in each LHD but all LHDs have executive oversight. There are three Districts (Murrumbidgee, Mid North Coast, and Hunter New England) that have dedicated strategic committees working with local partners to progress research within their District. Two LHDs (Hunter New England and Mid North Coast) have dedicated positions to support their strategic directions. All LHDs have been successful in securing funding for research in the past two years through a number of sources, including NSW Health, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), and other agencies, depending on the type of research. In addition, three LHDs (Far West, Hunter New England, and Mid North Coast) have internal funding opportunities to support local research initiatives. These include: a research capacity building program administered by the University Department of Rural Health in Broken Hill, a scholarship and fellowship program and research grant rounds, and research higher degree support rounds Most rural LHDs identified challenges to setting research priorities. Two LHDs have set priorities using different approaches - one based on NSW Health research priorities; the other linked to the LHD operational plan, and the NSW Health State Health Plan. Taking into consideration the broad scope of NSW Health research priorities, there is a need to consider if it would be more beneficial to set research priorities that align with the strategic directions of the LHD.
Current and projected demographic profile for the selected population (LHD):
In Sydney Local Health District, our population is growing more rapidly than that of NSW as a whole, increasing by 115,000 (20%) over the last decade. It is projected to grow by a further 19% by 20286. In keeping with national trends, the proportion of our population aged over 65 is increasing and is projected to grow from 13% in 2018 to 15% by 2028. This is likely to increase demands on our service, including a growing need for public health response to infectious disease outbreaks in facilities. There is considerable socioeconomic variation within the District, with marked health inequalities between residents in the least and most disadvantaged areas. The life expectancy gap between those living in the least and most disadvantaged areas is 7.7 years for men and 4.8 years for women. At least 44% of SLHD’s residents were born overseas and at least 46% spoke a language other than English at home. In addition, nine percent do not speak English fluently.

Determinants of health:
Determinants of health may be biological, behavioral, sociocultural, economic, and ecological. Broadly, the determinants of health can be divided into four, core categories: nutrition, lifestyle, environment, and genetics, which are like four pillars of the foundation. When any one of the pillars of health determinants becomes weak, a support system is needed. Determinants of health may be biological, behavioral, sociocultural, economic, and ecological. Broadly, the determinants of health can be divided into four, core categories: nutrition, lifestyle, environment, and genetics, which are like four pillars of the foundation. When any one of the pillars of health determinants becomes weak, a support system is needed. Nutrition is a key determinant of the health of a population, and of growth and development in children. Dietary guidelines are tools that translate the science of nutritional requirements to a practical pattern of food choices for the general population. On a national level, they provide guidance for health promotion and risk reduction, and often form the basis of national food and nutrition policies and education programs. Over time, these guidelines are constantly revised to include up-to-date evidence from experimental studies and large population databases, to which sophisticated dietary analyses have been applied.
The history of official guidance for food intake dates back to the first half of the twentieth century. Dietary guidelines were initially targeted at preventing deficiencies of micro-and macronutrients. In the United States, the first daily food guides aimed at improving the health of the population were published in 1916 by the Department of Agriculture. They identified five food groups: milk and meat, cereals, vegetables and fruits, fats and fast foods, and sugars and sugary foods. This later became the ‘Basic Seven’ in 1942, the same year that Canada's Official Food Rules were first issued (Health Canada, 2002). At that time in the midst of wartime food rationing, nutritional deficiencies were a prominent concern, and alternate choices were suggested in case of shortages.

The burden of disease data for selected population: 
The immigrant population in the Inner West area of Sydney is dynamic, with many residents leaving and returning to the area frequently. This presents challenges for school immunization programs and can result in relatively high rates of travel-related illnesses that are managed by the Communicable Diseases team. Sydney Local Health District also has a relatively high rate of people living in unstable accommodation, with an estimated population of over 6000 homeless people. There are other specific public health challenges arising from unique inner-city demographics, including relatively high rates of STI notifications such as hepatitis B and gonorrhea, compared to other LHDs. There are specific District programs in place to address all of these issues. There are significant and historic communities of Aboriginal people within the District’s boundaries, with an estimated 5000 Aboriginal residents living in District. Aboriginal Australians have been shown to bear a greater burden of morbidity and mortality, which may be due to socio-economic factors and a higher rate of pre-existing conditions such as chronic illnesses. When planning programs and monitoring disease, the Public Health Unit considers how Aboriginal residents and other vulnerable communities in the District may be disproportionately affected. For example, we run a successful program targeting immunization rates in Aboriginal children, with an Aboriginal Immunization Officer in a dedicated role. We are partnering with Aboriginal Controlled Community Health Services such as Aboriginal Medical Service Redfern to advance other health protection programs, including influenza pandemic planning. 

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