The Burden of Ischemic Heart Disease on Elderlies

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In many populations worldwide, life expectancies are increasing, resulting in rapidly aging communities. Because of this, Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) has become the leading cause of hospitalisation due to hypertension and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in elderlies. According to the American Heart Association, individuals aged 65 or above have a 75% chance of developing Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) (Yazdanyar & Newman, 2009).  CAD is a disease in which the heart's blood vessels narrow due to atherosclerosis, and the heart becomes stiff, making it difficult to supply blood to the heart and the rest of the body. This will result in a failure of the ejection fraction to meet the systemic circulation demands (Skrzypek et al., 2018).

The burden of CAD chronic disease is globally significant, which can lead to disability, death, and loss of productivity. Many complications can arise from CAD, such as heart failure, stroke, limb ischemia, myocardial infarction, and even death (Khan et al., 2020). Moreover, the costs associated with hospital stays, procedures, urgent care visits, clinic appointments, and medication therapies can put an outstanding financial burden on individuals affected by IHD. Khan and colleagues (2020) noted that the global cost of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was $863 billion in 2010 and is expected to surpass $1 trillion by 2030.

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