The Causes and Locations of the Frontier Wars Across Australia

Outcomes to be assessed
HI4-APP-01: Explains Aboriginal Peoples’ experiences and perspectives of colonisation.
HI4-SOU-01: Uses evidence from sources to support historical accounts and explanations about the
past.

Task questions

Part A:
Write a hammer paragraph on each (3) of the websites provided (below) to explain their value in understanding the Frontier Wars in Australia.

Part B:
Write one (1) lawyer paragraph to explain the link between frontier violence and colonial expansion.

Assessment Requirements

The assessment focuses on developing students’ historical thinking skills and understanding of Aboriginal Peoples’ perspectives during the period of colonisation in Australia. The key outcomes to be assessed are:

• HI4-APP-01: Explains Aboriginal Peoples’ experiences and perspectives of colonisation.

• HI4-SOU-01: Uses evidence from sources to support historical accounts and explanations about the past.

The assessment tasks are divided into two parts:

• Part A: Write a hammer paragraph for each of the three provided websites, explaining their value in understanding the Frontier Wars in Australia.

• Part B: Write one lawyer paragraph to explain the link between frontier violence and colonial expansion.

Step-by-Step Mentoring Approach

1. Understanding the Task Requirements
The academic mentor guided the student in breaking down the task into smaller parts. This included clarifying what a hammer paragraph and a lawyer paragraph are, reviewing the three websites, and identifying how evidence should be used to address the outcomes (HI4-APP-01 and HI4-SOU-01).

2. Guidance for Part A – Hammer Paragraphs

• Each hammer paragraph was structured to:

  • Introduce the website and its purpose.

  • Explain how the website contributes to understanding the Frontier Wars.

  • Highlight Aboriginal perspectives where possible.

• The student was encouraged to evaluate the reliability and relevance of the sources. Drafts were reviewed to ensure they met the criteria of being evidence-based and concise.

3. Guidance for Part B – Lawyer Paragraph

• The lawyer paragraph was explained as a structure consisting of:

  • Claim (clear statement about the relationship between frontier violence and colonial expansion).

  • Evidence (examples drawn from the provided sources and historical accounts).

  • Reasoning (how evidence supports the claim).

• The student was encouraged to show cause-and-effect reasoning, linking colonial expansionist policies with violence against Aboriginal communities.

4. Refining the Writing

• The mentor emphasized clarity, flow, and academic tone.

• Referencing techniques were discussed to ensure proper use of sources.

• Drafts were revised collaboratively to strengthen alignment with the assessment rubric.

Final Outcome

At the end of the mentoring process:

• The student completed three hammer paragraphs that evaluated the value of the websites for understanding the Frontier Wars.

• The lawyer paragraph established a strong link between frontier violence and colonial expansion with well-structured evidence and reasoning.

• The assessment successfully addressed the learning outcomes:

  • Aboriginal Peoples’ perspectives of colonisation were explained (HI4-APP-01).

  • Evidence from sources was applied effectively to historical accounts (HI4-SOU-01).

Learning Objectives Covered

• Critical evaluation of historical sources.

• Understanding Aboriginal perspectives of colonisation.

• Establishing links between frontier violence and colonial expansion.

• Academic writing skills using hammer and lawyer paragraph structures.

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