The Combination of Functional Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation - Engineering Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

Task:

PROPOSED TITLE
A study to investigate if the combination of Functional electrical neuromuscular stimulation (FES) in additional to conventional physiotherapy intervention is effective in the prevention of glenohumeral subluxation (GHS) in acute ischaemic stroke patients.

PRINCIPAL RESEARCH QUESTION
Can the early application of the FES in additional to conventional physiotherapy intervention effectively prevent or reduce the prevalence of glenohumeral subluxation (GHS) to be developed in post-ischaemic stroke patients?

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Ischemic Stroke
Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability within the UK. Each year, there are more than 100,000 incidents of stroke in the UK which cause more than 38,000 deaths each year. The two main cause of stroke are blocked artery and the leaking or bursting of a blood vessel. Around 85% of all strokes are due to a blockage cutting off the blood supply to the brain and this is referred to an ischemic stroke.

Formation of blood clot and blockage in an artery leading to the brain or blood clot that occurs within small vessels of the brain or a blood clot that moves through the blood stream from other part of the body to the brain can all leads to an ischemic stroke. In addition, some numerous reasons can also results in an ischemic stroke, including atherosclerosis, small vessel disease, arterial dissection, atrial fibrillation and other heart conditions.

Ischemic Stroke & Footdrop
Foot drop is defined as the inability to raise the front part of the foot due to weakness or paralysis of the muscles that lift the foot which is a common walking challenge caused by stroke (Chao, Luk, Mak and Lau, 2013). Patients with foot drop often scuff their toes along the floor or individuals may tends to bend their knees to lift their foot higher than normal height to avoid the act scuffing that cause what the steppage gait pattern as a result. Foot drop can be unilateral or bilateral and is a symptom of a various of underlying health problems. Depending on the cause, footdrop can be either temporary or permanent. Common causes of footdrop include brain related neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy. Besides, injury to the nerve roots, motor neuron disorders, spinal muscular atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, peripheral nerve disorders and muscle disorders such as myositis and muscular dystrophy can also results in footdrop.

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