The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) - IT Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

Task:

The Research Framework of the study consists of four latent exogenous constructs namely SPE, SEE, SSI, and SFC, one latent mediator constructs namely SBI, and one endogenous variable namely Students’ Academic Performance. The theorized relationship among constructs in the model is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: The Theoretical Framework of the study

As shown in Figure 1, the latent constructs are Students’ Performance Expectancy (SPE), Students’ Effort Expectancy (SEE), Students’ Social Influence (SSI), Students’ Facilitating Conditions (SFC), Students’ Behavioural Intentions (SBI), and Students’ Academic Performance (SAP).

The first exogenous construct is Students’ Performance Expectancy (SPE), consists of 4 components. The second exogenous construct is Students’ Effort Expectancy (SEE), consists of

two components. The third exogenous construct is Students’ Social Influence (SSI), consists of three components and the fourth exogenous construct is Students’ Facilitating Conditions (SFC), which consists of three components.

The mediator construct is Students’ Behavioural Intention (SBI), measured using three components.  The number of components measuring the construct and the respective items under each component are determined through the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) as reported in Chapter 3. Thus, all latent constructs involved in the study are second order since they are measured using few components and each component is measured using multiple items in a questionnaire.

Every item is measured using an interval scale which range from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) with the given statement. Thus, the measurement model of every exogenous construct is quite complicated. For the complicated model, the study could assess the CFA for each measurement model separately and will pool together at the final stage when all constructs achieved the respective thresholds for validity and reliability (Awang, 2014; 2015; Awang et al., 2015; Kashif et al., 2015; 2016).

Thus, this study decided to conduct CFA procedure separately for every construct. Once the individual second order CFA assessment is completed, the study would combine all latent constructs and conduct the Pooled-CFA to assess the discriminant validity among these constructs. According to Awang (2012; 2013; 2014; 2015), Awang et al. (2015) and Kashif et al. (2015; 2016), prior to modeling the structural model and executing SEM, the study needs to prove that all constructs in the model are discriminant of each other or they are not highly correlated especially between the exogenous constructs. If the two exogenous constructs are highly correlated (correlation greater than 0.85), then there exists a serious problem called Multi- collinearity. Table 1 shows three types of model fit categories that the researcher needs to assess the measurement model of every latent construct during the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) procedure.

Table 1: The three categories of model fit and their level of acceptance

***The indexes in bold are recommended since they are frequently reported in literatures

Source: Awang (2015)

The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) Procedure

The CFA Procedure for Construct Students’ Performance Expectancy (SPE):

This construct consists of four components renamed as SPE1, SPE2, SPE3, and SPE4 (Figure 2). Each component is measured using two items in a questionnaire. The components and their respective items were determined through the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) procedure using Pilot Study data.

The output resulted from the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) procedure for this construct is shown in Figure 2

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