Highlights
Task:
Essay: (Approx. 1500 Words)
In this section you need to consider the effects of whole body radiation doses using the Chernobyl disaster of 1986 as the focus for your studies.
In April 1986 a Nuclear reactor at the Ukrainian city of Chernobyl suffered a catastrophic failure which released 5% of the reactor’s core into the environment. 134 cases of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) were subsequently confirmed in people at the location of the explosion, with 28 of these people subsequently dying within the first few weeks after the disaster.
Now read the following article that summarised the disaster- https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/safety-and-security/safety-of- plants/chernobylaccident.aspx
Consider the information you have read and what you have studied and then answer the following task-
• With reference to the 28 fatalities from acute radiation syndrome (ARS) during the Chernobyl disaster, provide a critical account of the acute tissue and systemic effects of whole body exposure to ionising radiation.
In this part of your assignment you should only address the effects of high doses of radiation on individual tissues, organs and body systems within a patient (similar to ARS- related fatalities in the vicinity of Chernobyl). You should clearly explain why these effects are seen.
You do not need to repeat the information provided in part A such as the physical and chemical effects of radiation and radiobiological principles in general. Your answer should just address the biological consequences of acute radiation dose exposure of radiation and the acute radiation syndromes that usually ensue (including mention of doses and timelines).
Note- given that you are describing the biological process of ARS resulting in death, you need not address chronic long term effects including carcinogenesis. You may however like to identify the specific cause / mechanism of death in such patients.
Start by thinking about which tissues in the human body are most radiosensitive and why this is the case. You might like to think about the chronological sequence in which effects are seen and why this occurs. You should mention whole body exposure syndromes in your answer.
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