The Impact of MiFID II and MiFIR on Investor Protection in Europe

Assignment Task

1. Critically discuss the significant changes brought by the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID II) and the Markets in Financial Instruments Regulation (MiFIR) to the investor protection framework in Europe.

2. Critically discuss through examples of cases and topics, the margin of appreciation in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. 

3. “The EU civil liability regime [of credit rating agencies] is only the template of how a right of redress can be exercised.” (DePascalis, 'Public Enforcement and the Civil Liability Regime in the European Regulation of Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs): A Quest for Interplay', in O. Cherednychenko, and M. Andenas, (eds.) Financial Regulation and Civil Liability in European Law (Edward Elgar, 2020), 218. Critically discuss this statement. 

4. ‘The UK Companies Act 2006 does not specify academic or professional qualifications for a company director but it does so for company secretaries and auditors.’ Critically discuss this aspect of corporate governance, critically evaluating the impact, if any, of an absence of qualifications for directors and how the law addresses this absence. 

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