The Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Nursing Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

Case Study
A 55-year-old German man, Karl presents to his local General Practitioner (GP) for his yearly health check. Karl is obese with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 31. His is a non-smoker who walks around town once or twice a week. Karl lives remotely and has limited access to fresh fruit and vegetables. His favourite meal is a pie and chips and he drinks one (1) litre of cola a day.
Four (4) years ago at his yearly check-up, Karl was diagnosed with hypertension (HPT), which he commenced medications for. At the time, a blood test was taken to check his cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, a glucose tolerance test (GTT) and a full blood examination (FBE).
At this time, his blood tests were as follows:
? 7.2mmol/L serum cholesterol
? 6.4mmol/L fasting blood glucose
? 8.4mmol/L GGT
Karl was prescribed medications for hyperlipidaemia. Karl was instructed to change his lifestyle as he was pre-diabetic.
During this GP visit, repeat pathology were as follows:
? 6.5mmol/L serum cholesterol
? 7.9mmol/L fasting blood glucose

Karl is now diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). He is prescribed medications and told that he must change his lifestyle to manage this condition.

1. Describe the pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
2. Identify clinical manifestations of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
3. If Karl has diarrhoea and/or vomiting for more than a few hours, he will be a risk for hypoglycaemia. Describe clinical manifestations of hypoglycaemia.
4. Describe how hypoglycaemia occurs. What blood glucose level (BGL) would indicate if Karl had hypoglycaemia?
5. Karl’s blood glucose level (BGL) is 3.6mmol/L. How are you going to prioritise management for Karl?
6. Based on the provided case study, identify health professionals who you could refer Karl to, for assistance with management of the diabetes.

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