The Prevalence of  HIV - Incidence Rate of HIV - Nursing Assignment Help

Assignment Task :

Question 1:

In 2012, a group of 4,233 men and women aged 20 years were recruited from the general population and assessed for HIV virus. 288 participants were found to have HIV when tested at baseline. Participants who did not test positive for HIV in 2012 were followed-up and assessed again after 4 years of follow-up (only those who previously had tested negative for HIV were tested again at follow-up). A further 99 cases of HIV were identified during this 4 year period, either diagnosed during the interim or diagnosed during the study assessment. (It is assumed that once participants contract HIV they remain HIV positive without recovery

(a) What was the prevalence of  HIV among study participants in 2012?

(b) What was the prevalence of HIV among study participants after 4 years of follow-up? Assume no loss to follow-up. 

(c) What was the cumulative incidence of HIV among study participants over the study period? 

(d) Calculate the total number of person-years at risk during the 4 year period. (Assume that HIV was acquired randomly during the 4 year period. That is, those who acquired  HIV were at risk for half the time of those who did not acquire HIV. 

(e) What was the incident rate (incidence density) of HIV among participants for the 4 years.

(f) Assuming that the incidence rate of HIV remains constant, what should happen to the prevalence of HIV in this cohort over time?

a) Calculate all-cause mortality rate?

b) Calculate diabetes-specific mortality rate?

c) Calculate diabetes case fatality rate ? 

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