Highlights
INTRODUCTION
1. The Spanish vocabulary
The Spanish vocabulary is made up mostly of words inherited orally from vulgar Latin, the so-called ‘patrimonial voices’ or ‘Popular’, which include ‘semi-culturalisms’, words that do not have followed the traditional evolutionary course and are closer to the original latin model. On the other hand, throughout its history, the Spanish has incorporated into its lexicon, through writing, a large number of Latin words, either directly from this language, or through another modern language; are the so-called ‘cultisms’ or ‘latinisms’ that have served to enrich the learned vocabulary, the languages ??of specialty and the technicalities. These three ways - patrimonial voices, semi-culturalisms and cultisms?, for which Latin has become Spanish, are sometimes reflected in different derivations of the same word; for example, the Latin theme regul- given in Spanish reja (popular voice), rule (semi-culturalism) and regular (cultism).
Through Latin we have also received a significant number of Greek words, the ‘Hellenisms’; even today, the Greek language serves as the basis for the creation of technical and scientific vocabulary, not only in Spanish but in the other European languages. In different proportions and at times different, Spanish has also included in its lexicon ‘loans’ from other languages. According to the language from which these loans come, we speak of Anglicisms, Arabisms, Gallicisms, Germanisms, Italianisms,
Catalanisms or Amerindian voices.
Currently, English is the modern language with the most words giving to the Spanish; some of them are not properly English but it is a through this language as they have come to us in Spanish. The loans are, basically of three types. Well you take the floor without any adaptation, in which case we have a ‘foreignness’, as in ing. reality show, pronounced [ryál?ty ?óu]; well we adapt the new word to the phonetics and, in some cases, also to Spanish morphology and spelling, as ing. hamburger> esp. hamburger [amburγésa]
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