The Use of Non-invasive Brain Stimulators (NIBS) - Nursing Assignment Help

Assignment Task

Background
In recent years, there has been a resurgence in the use of non-invasive brain stimulators (NIBS) within the area of cognitive neuroscience. One device which has gained increased attention is referred to as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). tDCS involves the non-invasive administration of weak electric currents over a target scalp location via electrodes. Researchers can control the parameters of electrical stimulation including the duration, pulseshape, and induced current. The direction of current flow can be dictated by careful arrangement of the electrodes with ‘anodal’ stimulation involving the delivery of positive currents thought to enhance brain activity, whereas ‘cathodal’ stimulation involves the delivery of negative electric currents thought to decrease brain activity. Brain regions targeted with tDCS include the occipital lobes, the primary motor cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Thefocus of this essay is on the effects of tDCS on cognitive abilities. Remember to focus specifically on cognitive abilities. Also, be careful not to stray too far and evaluate other types of NIBS techniques (e.g., transcranialmagnetic stimulation (TMS); a related but entirely different technique). Although there is evidence tDCS can induce neurological changes in the activity levels of the brain (referred to as cortical excitability), researchers are keenly interested in whether tDCS can be used influence or even enhance cognitive abilities! Cognitive abilities refer to a range of discrete but associated psychological capacities including memory, inhibition, and problem solving. Different tDCS protocols may lead to performance gains in certain cognitive domains. This could have significant and far-ranging implications. For instance, it may be possible to improve academic, vocational, day-to-day, or even clinical outcomes. But whether tDCS can induce beneficial changes in cognitive abilities is still under investigation. For instance, does tDCS lead to enhanced memory, problem solving, and attentional processes? If tDCS can augment cognitive performance, are these benefits passed on to all users or only specific individuals (and if so, under which circumstances)? Even if tDCS enhances certain cognitive abilities, do these benefits carry over into non-stimulated contexts? For example, does increasing attention using tDCS lead to benefits in academic performance? You will need to generate a sustained position on these issues.

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