Types of Nonverbal Communication - Management Assignment Help

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Questions 1
Types of Nonverbal Communication
One way to enhance your ability to pick up on and decode nonverbal communication is to recognize its many different types.
1) Body Movement
The first type of nonverbal communication to be discussed is kinesics, the study of body position and motion. This includes body orientation, posture, gestures, facial expressions, and eye movements.
Body Orientation
We’ll start with body orientation—the degree to which we face toward or away from someone with our body, feet, and head. Facing someone directly generally signals your interest and facing away signals a desire to avoid involvement. When two friends are in deep conversation with one another, they face one another. Should a third party attempt to join them at this inappropriate time, the friends will likely turn their bodies slightly away from the intruder, thus making it known that they do not wish to be interrupted.
Posture
Another way we communicate nonverbally is through our posture—the way we carry ourselves. The importance of posture is demonstrated in the number of expressions we have that link emotional states to body postures:
I won’t take this lying down! (Nor will I stand for it!)
I feel the weight of the world on my shoulders.
I can stand on my own two feet.
They’ve been sitting on that project for weeks.
Tension and relaxation also offer clues about feelings. We assume relaxed postures in nonthreatening situations and tighten up in threatening situations. 54  Based on this observation, we can learn how others feel simply by watching how tense or loose they seem to be. Tenseness also denotes status: The lower-status person is generally the more rigid, tense-appearing one, whereas the higher-status person is more relaxed. Research shows that adopting a high status pose—such as putting your feet up on the desk with your hands behind your head—can actually lead to increased feelings of power 55 provided, or course, that a woman is wearing pants as opposed to a skirt or dress!

Gestures
Gestures—movements of the hands and arms—are an important type of nonverbal communication. Some social scientists claim that a language of gestures was the first form of human communication, preceding speech by tens
The most common forms of gestures are called illustrators—movements that accompany speech but don’t stand on their own. 59  For instance, if someone asked you how to get to a restaurant across town, you might offer street names and addresses, but as you do so, you’ll also point your fingers and gesture with your hands to illustrate how to get there.

2) Voice
People are often surprised to find voice included in a chapter on nonverbal communication, but social scientists use the term paralanguage to describe nonverbal vocal messages. The way a message is spoken can give the same word or words many meanings. For example, note how many meanings come from a single sentence just by shifting the emphasis from one word to another:
This is a fantastic communication book. (Not just any book, but this one in particular.)
This is a fantastic communication book. (This book is superior, exciting.)
This is a fantastic communication book. (The book is good as far as communication goes;
it may not be so great as literature or drama.)
This is a fantastic communication book. (It’s not a play or a movie; it’s a book.)

3) Touch
Social scientists use the word haptics to describe the study of touching. Touch can communicate many messages and signify a variety of relationships: 92
 functional/professional (dental exam, haircut)
 social/polite (handshake)
 friendship/warmth (clap on back)
 sexual arousal (some kisses, strokes)
 aggression (shoves, slaps)

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